89. (Original problem, 2007.05.27) Let a,b,c∈R−, and a+b+c=3, then ∑(1+b2)(1+c2)(1+b)(1+c)⩽3
Equality holds if and only if a=b=c=1.
Solution
89. Simplified Proof Original ⇔∑(1+b)(1+c)(1+a2)⩽3∏(1+a2)⇔12−8∑bc+3(∑bc)2−18abc+3(abc)2⩾0
Let s1=∑a,s2=∑bc,s3=abc, noting that ∑a=3, homogenizing equation (1), we get 12⋅(3∑a)6−8(3∑a)4⋅∑bc+3(3∑a)2⋅(∑bc)2−18(3∑a)3⋅abc+3(abc)3⩾0⇔4s14−24s14s2+81s12s22−162s13s3+729s32⩾0
Therefore, to prove the original inequality, it suffices to prove equation (2). For this, let s1=1 in equation (2), we get 4−24s2+81s22−162s3+729s32⩾0
Thus, it suffices to prove equation (3), where s1=∑a=1. Let ω=1−3∑bc, i.e., ∑bc=31−ω2,0⩽x⩽1, then s3⩽271−3ω2+2ω3 (Refer to the corollary 3 of theorem 2 in the appendix of the chapter "Application of Basic Inequalities to Prove Inequalities") Therefore, we have
The left side of equation (3) ⩾4−24⋅31−ω2+81⋅(31−ω2)2−162⋅271−3ω2+2ω3+ 729⋅(271−3ω2+2ω3)2=4ω2(2−2ω+3ω2−3ω3+ω4)=4ω2[(1−ω)+1−ω(1−ω)3]⩾0 (Noting that 0⩽ω⩽1) Equation (3) holds, thus equation (1) holds, and the original inequality is proved. Note: (1) From the original inequality, we can derive: If a,b,c∈R−, and a+b+c=3, then Π(1+a2)⩾Π(1+a)
Equality holds if and only if a=b=c=1. (2) Conjecture: Suppose ai∈R−,i=1,2,⋯,n,m,n are positive integers, and a1+a2+⋯+an=n, then i=1∏n(1+aim)⩾i=1∏n(1+aim−1)
Equality holds if and only if a1=a2=⋯=an=1. (3) Further conjecture: Suppose ai∈R−,i=1,2,⋯,n,m,n are positive integers, and ∑i=1nai=n, then i=1∑n1+aim−11+aim⩽ni=1∏n1+aim−11+aim
Equality holds if and only if a1=a2=⋯=an=1. (4) Conjecture: Suppose ai∈R−, and ∑i=1nai=n,m,n are positive integers, and m⩾n, then i=1∏n(1+aim)⩾2n
Equality holds if and only if a1=a2=⋯=an=1.
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