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Algebra Difficulty 8.2 Shortlist Prove it

89. (Original problem, 2007.05.27) Let a,b,cRa, b, c \in \overline{\mathbf{R}^{-}}, and a+b+c=3a+b+c=3, then
(1+b)(1+c)(1+b2)(1+c2)3\sum \frac{(1+b)(1+c)}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)\left(1+c^{2}\right)} \leqslant 3

Equality holds if and only if a=b=c=1a=b=c=1.

Solution

89. Simplified Proof
 Original (1+b)(1+c)(1+a2)3(1+a2)128bc+3(bc)218abc+3(abc)20\begin{array}{l} \text { Original } \Leftrightarrow \sum(1+b)(1+c)\left(1+a^{2}\right) \leqslant 3 \prod\left(1+a^{2}\right) \Leftrightarrow \\ 12-8 \sum b c+3\left(\sum b c\right)^{2}-18 a b c+3(a b c)^{2} \geqslant 0 \end{array}

Let s1=a,s2=bc,s3=abcs_{1}=\sum a, s_{2}=\sum b c, s_{3}=a b c, noting that a=3\sum a=3, homogenizing equation (1), we get
12(a3)68(a3)4bc+3(a3)2(bc)218(a3)3abc+3(abc)304s1424s14s2+81s12s22162s13s3+729s320\begin{array}{l} 12 \cdot\left(\frac{\sum a}{3}\right)^{6}-8\left(\frac{\sum a}{3}\right)^{4} \cdot \sum b c+3\left(\frac{\sum a}{3}\right)^{2} \cdot\left(\sum b c\right)^{2}- \\ 18\left(\frac{\sum a}{3}\right)^{3} \cdot a b c+3(a b c)^{3} \geqslant 0 \Leftrightarrow \\ 4 s_{1}^{4}-24 s_{1}^{4} s_{2}+81 s_{1}^{2} s_{2}^{2}-162 s_{1}^{3} s_{3}+729 s_{3}^{2} \geqslant 0 \end{array}

Therefore, to prove the original inequality, it suffices to prove equation (2). For this, let s1=1s_{1}=1 in equation (2), we get
424s2+81s22162s3+729s3204-24 s_{2}+81 s_{2}^{2}-162 s_{3}+729 s_{3}^{2} \geqslant 0

Thus, it suffices to prove equation (3), where s1=a=1s_{1}=\sum a=1.
 Let ω=13bc, i.e., bc=1ω23,0x1, then s313ω2+2ω327\begin{array}{c} \text { Let } \omega=\sqrt{1-3 \sum b c} \text {, i.e., } \sum b c=\frac{1-\omega^{2}}{3}, 0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1 \text {, then } \\ s_{3} \leqslant \frac{1-3 \omega^{2}+2 \omega^{3}}{27} \end{array}
(Refer to the corollary 3 of theorem 2 in the appendix of the chapter "Application of Basic Inequalities to Prove Inequalities") Therefore, we have

The left side of equation (3) 4241ω23+81(1ω23)216213ω2+2ω327+\geqslant 4-24 \cdot \frac{1-\omega^{2}}{3}+81 \cdot\left(\frac{1-\omega^{2}}{3}\right)^{2}-162 \cdot \frac{1-3 \omega^{2}+2 \omega^{3}}{27}+
729(13ω2+2ω327)2=4ω2(22ω+3ω23ω3+ω4)=4ω2[(1ω)+1ω(1ω)3]0\begin{array}{l} 729 \cdot\left(\frac{1-3 \omega^{2}+2 \omega^{3}}{27}\right)^{2}= \\ 4 \omega^{2}\left(2-2 \omega+3 \omega^{2}-3 \omega^{3}+\omega^{4}\right)= \\ 4 \omega^{2}\left[(1-\omega)+1-\omega(1-\omega)^{3}\right] \geqslant 0 \end{array}
(Noting that 0ω10 \leqslant \omega \leqslant 1) Equation (3) holds, thus equation (1) holds, and the original inequality is proved.
Note: (1) From the original inequality, we can derive: If a,b,cRa, b, c \in \overline{\mathbf{R}^{-}}, and a+b+c=3a+b+c=3, then
Π(1+a2)Π(1+a)\Pi\left(1+a^{2}\right) \geqslant \Pi(1+a)

Equality holds if and only if a=b=c=1a=b=c=1.
(2) Conjecture: Suppose aiR,i=1,2,,n,m,na_{i} \in \overline{\mathbf{R}^{-}}, i=1,2, \cdots, n, m, n are positive integers, and a1+a2++a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots+ an=na_{n}=n, then
i=1n(1+aim)i=1n(1+aim1)\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1+a_{i}^{m}\right) \geqslant \prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1+a_{i}^{m-1}\right)

Equality holds if and only if a1=a2==an=1a_{1}=a_{2}=\cdots=a_{n}=1.
(3) Further conjecture: Suppose aiR,i=1,2,,n,m,na_{i} \in \overline{\mathbf{R}^{-}}, i=1,2, \cdots, n, m, n are positive integers, and i=1nai=n\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}=n, then
i=1n1+aim1+aim1ni=1n1+aim1+aim1\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1+a_{i}^{m}}{1+a_{i}^{m-1}} \leqslant n \prod_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1+a_{i}^{m}}{1+a_{i}^{m-1}}

Equality holds if and only if a1=a2==an=1a_{1}=a_{2}=\cdots=a_{n}=1.
(4) Conjecture: Suppose aiRa_{i} \in \overline{\mathbf{R}^{-}}, and i=1nai=n,m,n\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}=n, m, n are positive integers, and mnm \geqslant n, then
i=1n(1+aim)2n\prod_{i=1}^{n}\left(1+a_{i}^{m}\right) \geqslant 2^{n}

Equality holds if and only if a1=a2==an=1a_{1}=a_{2}=\cdots=a_{n}=1.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.