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Geometry Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it

Given a triangle ΔABC\Delta ABC with sides opposite to angles AA, BB, and CC denoted as aa, bb, and cc respectively, and it satisfies a+2acosB=ca+2a\cos B=c.

(I) Prove that B=2AB=2A.

(II) If ΔABC\Delta ABC is an acute triangle and c=2c=2, determine the range of values for aa.

Solution

(I) Given a+2acosB=ca+2a\cos B=c, by the Law of Sines, we have

asinA=csinC \frac{a}{\sin A} = \frac{c}{\sin C}

This implies

sinA+2sinAcosB=sinC \sin A + 2\sin A\cos B = \sin C

From the angle addition formula, we know that sinC=sin(A+B)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB\sin C = \sin(A + B) = \sin A \cos B + \cos A \sin B.

Now, equating the two expressions for sinC\sin C:

sinA+2sinAcosB=sinAcosB+cosAsinB \sin A + 2\sin A\cos B = \sin A \cos B + \cos A \sin B

Simplify to get:

sinA(1+2cosB)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB \sin A(1 + 2\cos B) = \sin A \cos B + \cos A \sin B

Which leads to:

sinA=cosAsinBsinAcosB=sin(BA) \sin A = \cos A \sin B - \sin A \cos B = \sin(B - A)

Because A,B(0,π)A, B \in (0, \pi),

The possible range of BAB - A is in (π,π)(- \pi, \pi) and since A+(BA)=B(0,π)A + (B - A) = B \in (0, \pi), we have A+(BA)πA + (B - A) \neq \pi,

Therefore, A=BAA = B - A, resulting in B=2A\boxed{B = 2A}.

(II) From part (I), we have A=B2A = \frac{B}{2} and C=πAB=π3B2C = \pi - A - B = \pi - \frac{3B}{2}.

Since ΔABC\Delta ABC is an acute triangle, the following inequalities must be true:

0<B2<π20<B<π20<π3B2<π2 \begin{aligned} 0 &< \frac{B}{2} < \frac{\pi}{2} \\ 0 &< B < \frac{\pi}{2} \\ 0 &< \pi - \frac{3B}{2} < \frac{\pi}{2} \end{aligned}

Solving these inequalities, we get π3<B<π2\frac{\pi}{3} < B < \frac{\pi}{2}.

From a+2acosB=2a+2a\cos B=2, we can find aa:

a=21+2cosB(1,2) a = \frac{2}{1 + 2\cos B} \in (1, 2)

Therefore, the range of values for aa is (1,2)\boxed{(1, 2)}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.