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Algebra Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it

Given a sequence {an}\{a_{n}\} where a1=2a_{1}=2, and an+1=Aan+Ba_{n+1}=Aa_{n}+B (where A0A\neq 0 and B1A2\frac{B}{1-A}\neq 2).
(1)(1) Prove that the sequence {anB1A}\{a_n-\frac{B}{1-A}\} is a geometric sequence.
(2)(2) If A=2A=2, B=1B=-1, and bn=an1anan+1b_n=\frac{a_n-1}{a_na_{n+1}}, find the sum of the first nn terms of the sequence {bn}\{b_{n}\} denoted by TnT_{n}.

Solution

### Solution:

#### Part (1) Proof:

Given the recursive formula for the sequence {an}\{a_{n}\}:
an+1=Aan+Ba_{n+1}=Aa_{n}+B

We subtract B1A\frac{B}{1-A} from both sides of the equation:
an+1B1A=Aan+BB1Aa_{n+1}-\frac{B}{1-A}=Aa_{n}+B-\frac{B}{1-A}

Simplifying the right side:
=Aan+B(1A)1AB1A=Aa_{n}+\frac{B(1-A)}{1-A}-\frac{B}{1-A}
=AanBA1A=Aa_{n}-\frac{BA}{1-A}
=A(anB1A)=A\left(a_{n}-\frac{B}{1-A}\right)

Therefore, the sequence {anB1A}\left\{a_n-\frac{B}{1-A}\right\} is a geometric sequence with common ratio AA. This completes the proof.

#### Part (2) Solution:

Given A=2A=2 and B=1B=-1, we substitute these values into the formula for the sequence {an}\{a_{n}\}:
an+1=2an1a_{n+1}=2a_{n}-1

We know from part (1) that {anB1A}\{a_n-\frac{B}{1-A}\} is a geometric sequence. Substituting A=2A=2 and B=1B=-1:
an1=2n1(a11)a_n-1=2^{n-1}(a_1-1)

Given a1=2a_1=2, we find a11=1a_1-1=1, so:
an1=2n1a_n-1=2^{n-1}
an=2n1+1a_n=2^{n-1}+1

For the sequence {bn}\{b_{n}\}:
bn=an1anan+1=2n1(2n1+1)(2n+1)b_n=\frac{a_n-1}{a_na_{n+1}}=\frac{2^{n-1}}{(2^{n-1}+1)(2^n+1)}

This simplifies to:
bn=12n1+112n+1b_n=\frac{1}{2^{n-1}+1}-\frac{1}{2^n+1}

To find the sum TnT_n of the first nn terms of {bn}\{b_{n}\}:
Tn=(120+1121+1)+(121+1122+1)++(12n1+112n+1)T_n=\left(\frac{1}{2^0+1}-\frac{1}{2^1+1}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2^1+1}-\frac{1}{2^2+1}\right)+\cdots+\left(\frac{1}{2^{n-1}+1}-\frac{1}{2^n+1}\right)

Notice the telescoping series, where most terms cancel out, leaving:
Tn=1212n+1T_n=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^n+1}

Simplifying the expression:
Tn=2n12(2n+1)T_n=\frac{2^n-1}{2(2^n+1)}

Therefore, the sum of the first nn terms of the sequence {bn}\{b_{n}\} is 2n12(2n+1)\boxed{\frac{2^n-1}{2(2^n+1)}}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.