Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /344 of 520

Algebra Difficulty 7.0 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Example 1.7.8. Let a,b,ca, b, c be non-negative real numbers. Prove that
1a+b+1b+c+1c+a+8a+b+c6ab+bc+ca\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{8}{a+b+c} \geq \frac{6}{\sqrt{a b+b c+c a}}

Solution

SOLUTION. Similarly to the previous proofs, we assume first that abca \geq b \geq c and denote
f(a,b,c)=1a+b+1b+c+1c+a+8a+b+c6ab+bc+caf(a, b, c)=\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{8}{a+b+c}-\frac{6}{\sqrt{a b+b c+c a}}

Let t=b+ct=b+c, then we have
f(a,b,c)f(a,t,0)=1a+b+1a+c1a+b+c1a6ab+bc+ca+6a(b+c)ca(a+c)+6(ab+bc+caab+ac)a(b+c)(ab+bc+ca)\begin{aligned} f(a, b, c)-f(a, t, 0) & =\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{a}-\frac{6}{\sqrt{a b+b c+c a}}+\frac{6}{\sqrt{a(b+c)}} \\ & \geq-\frac{c}{a(a+c)}+\frac{6(\sqrt{a b+b c+c a}-\sqrt{a b+a c})}{\sqrt{a(b+c)(a b+b c+c a)}} \end{aligned}

Using ab+bc+ca(a+c)2a b+b c+c a \leq(a+c)^{2} and a(b+c)2aba(b+c) \leq 2 a b, we get
ab+bc+caab+aca(b+c)(ab+bc+ca)=bca(b+c)(ab+bc+ca)+a(b+c)ab+bc+cabc3aba(b+c)+2ab(a+c)=ca(3a(b+c)+2(a+c))\begin{array}{c} \frac{\sqrt{a b+b c+c a}-\sqrt{a b+a c}}{\sqrt{a(b+c)(a b+b c+c a)}}=\frac{b c}{\sqrt{a(b+c)}(a b+b c+c a)+a(b+c) \sqrt{a b+b c+c a}} \\ \quad \geq \frac{b c}{3 a b \sqrt{a(b+c)}+2 a b(a+c)}=\frac{c}{a(3 \sqrt{a(b+c)}+2(a+c))} \end{array}

Therefore
f(a,b,c)f(a,t,0)6ca(3a(b+c)+2(a+c))ca(a+c)f(a, b, c)-f(a, t, 0) \geq \frac{6 c}{a(3 \sqrt{a(b+c)}+2(a+c))}-\frac{c}{a(a+c)}

Moreover, since abca \geq b \geq c, we infer that
6(a+c)=4(a+c)+2(a+c)32(a+b+c)+2(a+c)3a(b+c)+2(a+c)6(a+c)=4(a+c)+2(a+c) \geq \frac{3}{2}(a+b+c)+2(a+c) \geq 3 \sqrt{a(b+c)}+2(a+c)
which means that f(a,b,c)f(a,t,0)f(a, b, c) \geq f(a, t, 0). Furthermore, by AM-GM inequality, we conclude
f(a,t,0)=9a+t+1a+1t6at=1at(9ata+t+a+tat6)0\begin{array}{l} f(a, t, 0)=\frac{9}{a+t}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{t}-\frac{6}{\sqrt{a t}} \\ =\frac{1}{\sqrt{a t}}\left(\frac{9 \sqrt{a t}}{a+t}+\frac{a+t}{\sqrt{a t}}-6\right) \geq 0 \end{array}

This ends the proof. The equality holds for a+t=3ata+t=3 \sqrt{a t} or (a,b,c)(a, b, c) \sim (7±452,1,0)\left(\frac{7 \pm \sqrt{45}}{2}, 1,0\right)

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.