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Algebra Difficulty 3.2 AMC 10/12 Find the answer

Given cos(π4+α)=23cos({\frac{π}{4}+α})=\frac{{\sqrt{2}}}{3}, then sin2α1sinα+cosα=\frac{{sin2α}}{{1-sinα+cosα}}=____.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Given cos(π4+α)=23cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4} + \alpha\right) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}, let's break down the solution step by step:

1. Expanding the cosine of a sum formula: We know that cos(θ+ϕ)=cosθcosϕsinθsinϕcos(\theta + \phi) = cos\theta \cdot cos\phi - sin\theta \cdot sin\phi. Applying this to our given equation, we have:
cos(π4+α)=cos(π4)cos(α)sin(π4)sin(α)cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4} + \alpha\right) = cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)cos(\alpha) - sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)sin(\alpha)
Since cos(π4)=sin(π4)=22cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}, we substitute these values into the equation:
23=22cos(α)22sin(α)\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}cos(\alpha) - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}sin(\alpha)

2. Simplifying the equation: Multiplying both sides by 2\sqrt{2} to get rid of the square root gives us:
23=cos(α)sin(α)\frac{2}{3} = cos(\alpha) - sin(\alpha)

3. **Using the identity for sin(2α)sin(2\alpha)**: We know that sin(2α)=2sin(α)cos(α)sin(2\alpha) = 2sin(\alpha)cos(\alpha). To find sin(2α)sin(2\alpha), we need to manipulate our equation. Adding sin2(α)+cos2(α)=1sin^2(\alpha) + cos^2(\alpha) = 1 to both sides of our equation, we get:
1+49=1+2sin(α)cos(α)1 + \frac{4}{9} = 1 + 2sin(\alpha)cos(\alpha)
1sin(2α)=491 - sin(2\alpha) = \frac{4}{9}
sin(2α)=59sin(2\alpha) = \frac{5}{9}

4. Finding the denominator: The denominator of our target expression is 1sin(α)+cos(α)1 - sin(\alpha) + cos(\alpha). From our earlier step, we know that cos(α)sin(α)=23cos(\alpha) - sin(\alpha) = \frac{2}{3}. Adding 1 to both sides, we get:
1+23=1sin(α)+cos(α)1 + \frac{2}{3} = 1 - sin(\alpha) + cos(\alpha)

5. Calculating the final expression: Substituting the values we found into the target expression, we get:
sin(2α)1sin(α)+cos(α)=591+23\frac{sin(2\alpha)}{1 - sin(\alpha) + cos(\alpha)} = \frac{\frac{5}{9}}{1 + \frac{2}{3}}
=5953= \frac{\frac{5}{9}}{\frac{5}{3}}
=13= \frac{1}{3}

Therefore, the answer is: 13\boxed{\frac{1}{3}}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.