Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 5.0 AIME Find the answer

A fair coin is flipped nine times. Which is more likely, having exactly four heads or having exactly five heads?

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Both outcomes are equally likely! Notice that for every sequence with four heads (such as HTTHHTHTT) there is a corresponding sequence with exactly five heads formed by reversing all the coin flips (in this case THHTHTHHT H H T H T H H ). Thus the number of sequences of nine flips with exactly four heads is equal to the number of sequences with exactly five heads; since every sequence is equally likely this completes the proof.

In fact, both probabilities are equal to (94)29=(95)29=126512\frac{\left(\begin{array}{l}9 \\ 4\end{array}\right)}{2^{9}}=\frac{\left(\begin{array}{l}9 \\ 5\end{array}\right)}{2^{9}}=\frac{126}{512}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.