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Number theory Difficulty 5.0 AIME Find the answer

John is older than Mary. He notices that if he switches the two digits of his age (an integer), he gets Mary's age. Moreover, the difference between the squares of their ages is the square of an integer. How old are Mary and John?

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Let John's age be 10a+b10 a+b where 0a,b90 \leq a, b \leq 9. Then Mary's age is 10b+a10 b+a, and hence a>ba>b. Now

(10a+b)2(10b+a)2=911(a+b)(ab). (10 a+b)^{2}-(10 b+a)^{2}=9 \cdot 11(a+b)(a-b) .

Since this is the square of an integer, a+ba+b or aba-b must be divisible by 11 . The only possibility is clearly a+b=11a+b=11. Hence aba-b must be a square. A case study yields the only possibility a=6,b=5a=6, b=5. Thus John is 65 and Mary 56 years old.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.