Given f(n)=1+21+31+…+n1(n∈N∗), g(n)=2(n+1−1)(n∈N∗). (1) When n=1, 2, 3, compare the size of f(n) and g(n) respectively (give the conclusion directly); (2) Based on (1), conjecture the relationship between f(n) and g(n), and prove your conjecture.
Solution
Solution: (1) When n=1, f(1)=1, g(1)=2(2−1), f(1)>g(1), When n=2, f(2)=1+21, g(2)=2(3−1), f(2)>g(2), When n=3, f(3)=1+21+31, g(3)=2, f(3)>g(3). (2) Conjecture: f(n)>g(n)(n∈N∗), i.e., 1+21+31+…+n1>2(n+1−1)(n∈N∗). Now, let's prove it by mathematical induction: ① When n=1, it has been proven above. ② Assume the conjecture holds for n=k, i.e., 1+21+31+…+k1>2(k+1−1) Then when n=k+1, f(k+1)=1+21+31+…+k1+k+11>2(k+1−1)+k+11=2k+1+k+11−2; And g(k+1)=2(k+2−1)=2k+2−2, next we need to prove: 2k+1+k+11>2k+2 It suffices to prove: 2(k+1)+1=2k+3>2(k+2)(k+1), it requires to prove: (2k+3)2>4(k+2)(k+1), i.e., 4k2+12k+9>4k2+12k+8, this inequality obviously holds. Therefore, the conjecture also holds for n=k+1. In summary, for n∈N∗, the conjecture holds, i.e., 1+21+31+…+n1>2(n+1−1)(n∈N∗) is true. True
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