Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /439 of 520

Geometry Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Let Γ1\Gamma_{1} and Γ2\Gamma_{2} be two intersecting circles with centers O1O_{1} and O2O_{2} respectively, such that Γ2\Gamma_{2} intersects the line segment O1O2O_{1} O_{2} at a point AA. The intersection points of Γ1\Gamma_{1} and Γ2\Gamma_{2} are CC and DD. The line ADA D intersects Γ1\Gamma_{1} again at SS. The line CSC S intersects O1O2O_{1} O_{2} at FF. Let Γ3\Gamma_{3} be the circumcircle of triangle ADFA D F. Denote EE as the second intersection point of Γ1\Gamma_{1} and Γ3\Gamma_{3}.
Prove that O1EO_{1} E is tangent to Γ3\Gamma_{3}.

Solution

We will calculate O1EA\angle O_{1} E A. Since triangle O1EDO_{1} E D is isosceles with apex O1O_{1} and since AEFDA E F D is a cyclic quadrilateral, we have

O1EA=O1EDAED=9012EO1DAFD. \angle O_{1} E A=\angle O_{1} E D-\angle A E D=90^{\circ}-\frac{1}{2} \angle E O_{1} D-\angle A F D .

Furthermore,

12EO1D=ESD central angle-circumference angle theorem on Γ1=CSDCSE=CSDCDE circumference angle theorem in cyclic quadrilateral CSDE=FCDSDCCDE exterior angle theorem in CSD=FCDSDE=FCDADE=FCDAFE. circumference angle theorem in cyclic quadrilateral AEFD \begin{aligned} \frac{1}{2} \angle E O_{1} D & =\angle E S D \quad \text { central angle-circumference angle theorem on } \Gamma_{1} \\ & =\angle C S D-\angle C S E \\ & =\angle C S D-\angle C D E \quad \text { circumference angle theorem in cyclic quadrilateral } C S D E \\ & =\angle F C D-\angle S D C-\angle C D E \quad \text { exterior angle theorem in } \triangle C S D \\ & =\angle F C D-\angle S D E \\ & =\angle F C D-\angle A D E \quad \\ & =\angle F C D-\angle A F E . \quad \text { circumference angle theorem in cyclic quadrilateral } A E F D \end{aligned}

From this, together with (7), we get

O1EA=90FCD+AFEAFD \angle O_{1} E A=90^{\circ}-\angle F C D+\angle A F E-\angle A F D

The line O1O2O_{1} O_{2} is perpendicular to CDC D and bisects the segment CDC D, so it is the perpendicular bisector of CDC D. Therefore, FF lies on the perpendicular bisector of CDC D, which implies that triangle CDFC D F is isosceles with apex FF. Thus,

FCD=9012CFD=90AFD. \angle F C D=90^{\circ}-\frac{1}{2} \angle C F D=90^{\circ}-\angle A F D .

Combined with (8), this gives

O1EA=AFD+AFEAFD=AFE \angle O_{1} E A=\angle A F D+\angle A F E-\angle A F D=\angle A F E

Now, by the tangent-circumference angle theorem on Γ3\Gamma_{3}, it follows that O1EO_{1} E is tangent to Γ3\Gamma_{3}.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.