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Algebra Difficulty 7.4 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

71. (from: http://www. matlinks. ro/forum/viewtopic. php?t =125432=125432 ) Let a,b,c,dR+a, b, c, d \in \mathbf{R}^{+}, and abcd=1a b c d=1, prove that
1(3a1)2+1(3b1)2+1(3c1)2+1(3d1)21\frac{1}{(3 a-1)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(3 b-1)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(3 c-1)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(3 d-1)^{2}} \geqslant 1

Solution

70. Proof: (1) When abca \geqslant b \geqslant c, a3b+b3c+c3aab3bc3ca3=(a+a^{3} b+b^{3} c+c^{3} a-a b^{3}-b c^{3}-c a^{3}=(a+ b+c)(ab)(bc)(ac)0b+c) \cdot(a-b)(b-c)(a-c) \geqslant 0. Therefore, it suffices to prove that inequality (1) holds when abca \geqslant b \geqslant c.

Since
2bc(bc)2+3abca3a3b=2bc(bc)23ab(ac)2=(2bc+2caab)(ac)2+(2ca+2abbc)(ab)2+(2ab+2bcca)(bc)2=(4ac+bc+ab)(ab)2+(4bc+ac+ab)(bc)2+2(2bc+2acab)(ab)(bc)=4ac[(ab)2+(ab)(bc)]+4bc[(bc)2+(ab)(bc)]+ab[(ab)2+(bc)22(ab)(bc)]+bc(ab)2+ac(bc)2\begin{array}{l} 2 \sum b c \cdot \sum(b-c)^{2}+3 a b c \sum a-3 \sum a^{3} b= \\ 2 \sum b c \cdot \sum(b-c)^{2}-3 \sum a b(a-c)^{2}= \\ (2 b c+2 c a-a b)(a-c)^{2}+(2 c a+2 a b-b c)(a-b)^{2}+ \\ (2 a b+2 b c-c a)(b-c)^{2}= \\ (4 a c+b c+a b)(a-b)^{2}+(4 b c+a c+a b)(b-c)^{2}+ \\ 2(2 b c+2 a c-a b)(a-b)(b-c)= \\ 4 a c\left[(a-b)^{2}+(a-b)(b-c)\right]+4 b c\left[(b-c)^{2}+(a-b)(b-c)\right]+ \\ a b\left[(a-b)^{2}+(b-c)^{2}-2(a-b)(b-c)\right]+b c(a-b)^{2}+a c(b-c)^{2} \geqslant \end{array}
00

This shows that inequality (1) holds.
(2) Since a(a2b+b2c+c2a+abc)=a3b+(bc)2\sum a \cdot\left(a^{2} b+b^{2} c+c^{2} a+a b c\right)=\sum a^{3} b+\left(\sum b c\right)^{2}, we have
a(a2b+b2c+c2a+abc)(bc)2abca+23bc(bc)2\begin{array}{l} \sum a \cdot\left(a^{2} b+b^{2} c+c^{2} a+a b c\right)-\left(\sum b c\right)^{2} \leqslant \\ a b c \cdot \sum a+\frac{2}{3} \sum b c \cdot \sum(b-c)^{2} \end{array}

Applying inequality (1), we get
a2b(bc)2+23bc(bc)2a=bc[4(a)29bc]3a\begin{array}{c} \sum a^{2} b \leqslant \frac{\left(\sum b c\right)^{2}+\frac{2}{3} \sum b c \cdot \sum(b-c)^{2}}{\sum a}= \\ \frac{\sum b c \cdot\left[4\left(\sum a\right)^{2}-9 \sum b c\right]}{3 \sum a} \end{array}

Note: The above inequality (1) and problem 29: a3b+(bc)2427(a)4\sum a^{3} b+\left(\sum b c\right)^{2} \leqslant \frac{4}{27}\left(\sum a\right)^{4}, as well as the inequality in Example 15 of Chapter 2 "Incremental Comparison Method for Proving Inequalities": 3a3b(a2)23 \sum a^{3} b \leqslant\left(\sum a^{2}\right)^{2}, are of equal strength; inequality (2) and a2b+b2c+c2a+abc427(a+b+c)3a^{2} b+b^{2} c+c^{2} a+a b c \leqslant \frac{4}{27}(a+b+c)^{3} are also of equal strength.

Additionally, inequalities (1) and (2) can also be proven using the incremental comparison method.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.