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Combinatorics Difficulty 6.5 National olympiad Find the answer

How many ordered triplets (a,b,c)(a, b, c) of positive integers such that 30a+50b+70c34330a + 50b + 70c \leq 343.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

We need to find the number of ordered triplets (a,b,c)(a, b, c) of positive integers such that 30a+50b+70c34330a + 50b + 70c \leq 343.

First, we determine the possible values for cc:

1. Since 70c34370c \leq 343, we have:
c34370=4 c \leq \left\lfloor \frac{343}{70} \right\rfloor = 4
Therefore, cc can be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

We will consider each case for cc and find the corresponding values for aa and bb.

### Case 1: c=4c = 4
30a+50b343704=343280=63 30a + 50b \leq 343 - 70 \cdot 4 = 343 - 280 = 63
- Since 30a3030a \geq 30 and 50b5050b \geq 50 for positive integers aa and bb, the smallest possible sum 30a+50b=30+50=8030a + 50b = 30 + 50 = 80, which is greater than 63. Therefore, there are no solutions in this case.

### Case 2: c=3c = 3
30a+50b343703=343210=133 30a + 50b \leq 343 - 70 \cdot 3 = 343 - 210 = 133
- We need to find pairs (a,b)(a, b) such that 30a+50b13330a + 50b \leq 133.

- For b=1b = 1:
30a+50133    30a83    a8330=2 30a + 50 \leq 133 \implies 30a \leq 83 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{83}{30} \right\rfloor = 2
Possible pairs: (1,1),(2,1)(1, 1), (2, 1)

- For b=2b = 2:
30a+100133    30a33    a3330=1 30a + 100 \leq 133 \implies 30a \leq 33 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{33}{30} \right\rfloor = 1
Possible pair: (1,2)(1, 2)

- For b3b \geq 3, 30a+50b15030a + 50b \geq 150, which is greater than 133. Therefore, no solutions for b3b \geq 3.

Total solutions for c=3c = 3: 3 pairs (1,1),(2,1),(1,2)(1, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2).

### Case 3: c=2c = 2
30a+50b343702=343140=203 30a + 50b \leq 343 - 70 \cdot 2 = 343 - 140 = 203
- We need to find pairs (a,b)(a, b) such that 30a+50b20330a + 50b \leq 203.

- For b=1b = 1:
30a+50203    30a153    a15330=5 30a + 50 \leq 203 \implies 30a \leq 153 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{153}{30} \right\rfloor = 5
Possible pairs: (1,1),(2,1),(3,1),(4,1),(5,1)(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1)

- For b=2b = 2:
30a+100203    30a103    a10330=3 30a + 100 \leq 203 \implies 30a \leq 103 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{103}{30} \right\rfloor = 3
Possible pairs: (1,2),(2,2),(3,2)(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2)

- For b=3b = 3:
30a+150203    30a53    a5330=1 30a + 150 \leq 203 \implies 30a \leq 53 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{53}{30} \right\rfloor = 1
Possible pair: (1,3)(1, 3)

- For b4b \geq 4, 30a+50b20030a + 50b \geq 200, which is greater than 203. Therefore, no solutions for b4b \geq 4.

Total solutions for c=2c = 2: 9 pairs (1,1),(2,1),(3,1),(4,1),(5,1),(1,2),(2,2),(3,2),(1,3)(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (1, 3).

### Case 4: c=1c = 1
30a+50b343701=34370=273 30a + 50b \leq 343 - 70 \cdot 1 = 343 - 70 = 273
- We need to find pairs (a,b)(a, b) such that 30a+50b27330a + 50b \leq 273.

- For b=1b = 1:
30a+50273    30a223    a22330=7 30a + 50 \leq 273 \implies 30a \leq 223 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{223}{30} \right\rfloor = 7
Possible pairs: (1,1),(2,1),(3,1),(4,1),(5,1),(6,1),(7,1)(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (6, 1), (7, 1)

- For b=2b = 2:
30a+100273    30a173    a17330=5 30a + 100 \leq 273 \implies 30a \leq 173 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{173}{30} \right\rfloor = 5
Possible pairs: (1,2),(2,2),(3,2),(4,2),(5,2)(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2)

- For b=3b = 3:
30a+150273    30a123    a12330=4 30a + 150 \leq 273 \implies 30a \leq 123 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{123}{30} \right\rfloor = 4
Possible pairs: (1,3),(2,3),(3,3),(4,3)(1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 3)

- For b=4b = 4:
30a+200273    30a73    a7330=2 30a + 200 \leq 273 \implies 30a \leq 73 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{73}{30} \right\rfloor = 2
Possible pairs: (1,4),(2,4)(1, 4), (2, 4)

- For b=5b = 5:
30a+250273    30a23    a2330=0 30a + 250 \leq 273 \implies 30a \leq 23 \implies a \leq \left\lfloor \frac{23}{30} \right\rfloor = 0
No solutions for b=5b = 5.

Total solutions for c=1c = 1: 18 pairs (1,1),(2,1),(3,1),(4,1),(5,1),(6,1),(7,1),(1,2),(2,2),(3,2),(4,2),(5,2),(1,3),(2,3),(3,3),(4,3),(1,4),(2,4)(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (6, 1), (7, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 3), (1, 4), (2, 4).

Summing up all the solutions from each case:
0+3+9+18=30 0 + 3 + 9 + 18 = 30

The final answer is 30\boxed{30}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.