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Algebra Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Example 6 Let positive real numbers x,y,zx, y, z satisfy xyz1xyz \geqslant 1. Prove:
x5x2x5+y2+z2+y5y2y5+z2+x2+z5z2z5+x2+y20.\frac{x^{5}-x^{2}}{x^{5}+y^{2}+z^{2}}+\frac{y^{5}-y^{2}}{y^{5}+z^{2}+x^{2}}+\frac{z^{5}-z^{2}}{z^{5}+x^{2}+y^{2}} \geqslant 0 .
(46th IMO)

Solution

x5x2x5+y2+z2x5x2xyzx5+(y2+z2)xyz=x4x2yzx4+(y2+z2)yz and x4x2yzx4+(y2+z2)yz=2(x4x2yz)2[x4+(y2+z2)yz]2x4x2(y2+z2)2x4+(y2+z2)2\begin{array}{l} \frac{x^{5}-x^{2}}{x^{5}+y^{2}+z^{2}} \geqslant \frac{x^{5}-x^{2} x y z}{x^{5}+\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right) x y z} \\ =\frac{x^{4}-x^{2} y z}{x^{4}+\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right) y z} \\ \text { and } \frac{x^{4}-x^{2} y z}{x^{4}+\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right) y z}=\frac{2\left(x^{4}-x^{2} y z\right)}{2\left[x^{4}+\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right) y z\right]} \\ \quad \geqslant \frac{2 x^{4}-x^{2}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)}{2 x^{4}+\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)^{2}} \end{array}

Therefore, to prove the original inequality, it suffices to prove
2x4x2(y2+z2)2x4+(y2+z2)20\sum \frac{2 x^{4}-x^{2}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)}{2 x^{4}+\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)^{2}} \geqslant 0

Make the substitution (x2,y2,z2)(x,y,z)\left(x^{2}, y^{2}, z^{2}\right) \rightarrow(x, y, z).
Thus, (1) 2x2x(y+z)2x2+(y+z)20\Leftrightarrow \sum \frac{2 x^{2}-x(y+z)}{2 x^{2}+(y+z)^{2}} \geqslant 0
f(x,y,z)={[2x2x(y+z)][2y2+(x+z)2][2z2+(x+y)2]}0\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow f(x, y, z) \\ = \sum\left\{\left[2 x^{2}-x(y+z)\right]\right. \\ {\left[2 y^{2}+(x+z)^{2}\right] } \\ {\left.\left[2 z^{2}+(x+y)^{2}\right]\right\} } \\ \geqslant 0 \end{array}

First, calculate f(1,0,0),f(1,1,0),f(1,1,1)f(1,0,0), f(1,1,0), f(1,1,1), to get a=2,d=24,n=0a=2, d=24, n=0.

Second, calculate f(0,1,1),f(0,1,i)if(0,-1,1), f(0,1, \mathbf{i}) \mathrm{i}, to get the system of equations
{0=4×24b+4c248=2×22b2c+24\left\{\begin{array}{l} 0=4 \times 2-4 b+4 c-24 \\ 8=2 \times 2-2 b-2 c+24 \end{array}\right.

Solving, we get b=3,c=7b=3, c=7.
Finally, calculate f(1,1,1),f(1,1,i)f(-1,1,1), f(-1,1, \mathrm{i}), to get the system of equations
{64=80+4e8m,48=286e+8m. Solving, we get e=18,m=11,. Hence f(x,y,z)=2g6,1+3g6,2+7g6,3+24g6,4+18g6,5+11g6,60.\begin{array}{l} \left\{\begin{array}{l} 64=80+4 e-8 m, \\ -48=-28-6 e+8 m . \end{array}\right. \\ \text { Solving, we get } e=18, m=11, . \\ \text { Hence } f(x, y, z) \\ =2 g_{6,1}+3 g_{6,2}+7 g_{6,3}+24 g_{6,4}+ \\ 18 g_{6,5}+11 g_{6,6} \\ \geqslant 0 . \end{array}

Therefore, the original inequality is proved.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.