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Geometry Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it

Let ABC\triangle ABC be an acute-angled triangle with altitudes ADAD, BEBE, and CFCF. The angle bisectors of A\angle A, B\angle B, and C\angle C intersect EFEF, FDFD, and DEDE at points AA', BB', and CC', respectively. Prove:
SHBC14SUEF. S_{\triangle H' B' C'} \leqslant \frac{1}{4} S_{\triangle U E F} .

Solution

Prove the following algebraic inequality first.
Let x,y,zx, y, z all be positive numbers. Then we have
xy(x+z)(y+z)+yz(y+x)(z+x)+zx(z+y)(x+y)34, \begin{array}{l} \frac{x y}{(x+z)(y+z)}+\frac{y z}{(y+x)(z+x)}+\frac{z x}{(z+y)(x+y)} \\ \geqslant \frac{3}{4}, \end{array}

with equality holding if and only if x=y=zx=y=z.
In fact,
 Equation (1) 4[xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+zx(z+x)]3(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+zx(z+x)6xyz(xyyx)2+(yzzy)2+(zxxz)20. \begin{array}{l} \text { Equation (1) } \Leftrightarrow 4[x y(x+y)+y z(y+z)+z x(z+x)] \\ \geqslant 3(x+y)(y+z)(z+x) \\ \Leftrightarrow x y(x+y)+y z(y+z)+z x(z+x) \geqslant 6 x y z \\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}}-\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}\right)^{2}+\left(\sqrt{\frac{y}{z}}-\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}\right)^{2}+ \\ \left(\sqrt{\frac{z}{x}}-\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}}\right)^{2} \geqslant 0 . \end{array}
1. The above inequality is obviously true, hence Equation (1) holds, with equality if and only if x=y=zx=y=z.
Now we prove the original inequality.
As shown in Figure 1, let
ABC\triangle A B C have sides
BC=a,CA=b,AB=c. \begin{array}{l} B C=a, \\ C A=b, \\ A B=c . \end{array}

In AEF\triangle A E F,
by the Angle Bisector Theorem, we know
FAAE=FAAE=bcosAccosA=bc \frac{F A^{\prime}}{A^{\prime} E}=\frac{F A}{A E}=\frac{b \cos A}{c \cos A}=\frac{b}{c} \text {. }

Similarly, FBBD=FBBD=ac\frac{F B^{\prime}}{B^{\prime} D}=\frac{F B}{B D}=\frac{a}{c}.
 Therefore, SAFBSDEF=ab(a+c)(b+c) \text { Therefore, } \frac{S_{\triangle A^{\prime} F B^{\prime}}}{S_{\triangle D E F}}=\frac{a b}{(a+c)(b+c)} \text {. }

Similarly, SBDCSOEF=bc(a+b)(a+c)\frac{S_{\triangle B^{\prime} D C^{\prime}}}{S_{\triangle O E F}}=\frac{b c}{(a+b)(a+c)},
SCEASOEF=ca(b+c)(a+b) \frac{S_{\triangle C E A^{*}}}{S_{\triangle O E F}}=\frac{c a}{(b+c)(a+b)} \text {. }

Thus, S_{\triangle A^{\prime} F B^{\prime}}+S_{\triangle B^{\prime} ' D C^{\prime}}+S_{\triangle C^{\prime} E E^{\prime}}
=[ab(a+c)(b+c)+bc(a+b)(a+c)+ca(a+b)(b+c)]βDEF =\left[\frac{a b}{(a+c)(b+c)}+\frac{b c}{(a+b)(a+c)}+\frac{c a}{(a+b)(b+c)}\right] \beta_{\triangle D E F} \text {. }

In inequality (1), let x=a,y=b,z=cx=a, y=b, z=c, we get
SHFH+SADC+SCEA34SOEFS_{\triangle H^{\prime} F H^{\prime}}+S_{\triangle A^{\prime} D C^{\prime}}+S_{\triangle C^{\prime} E A^{\prime}} \geqslant \frac{3}{4} S_{\triangle O E F}.
Hence SABGS_{\triangle A^{\prime} B^{\prime} G^{*}}
=SDEF(SAFR+SHDC+SCA)14SDEF \begin{array}{l} =S_{\triangle D E F^{\prime}}-\left(S_{\triangle A^{\prime} F R^{\prime}}+S_{\triangle H^{\prime} D C^{\prime}}+S_{\triangle C^{\prime} A^{\prime}}\right) \\ \leqslant \frac{1}{4} S_{\triangle D E F^{-}} \end{array}

with equality holding if and only if ABC\triangle A B C is an equilateral triangle.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.