Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 6.3 National olympiad Prove it

18. Let a,b,c(0,π2)a, b, c \in \left(0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right), prove:
sinasin(ab)sin(ac)sin(b+c)+sinbsin(bc)sin(ba)sin(c+a)+sincsin(ca)sin(cb)sin(a+b)0\begin{array}{c} \frac{\sin a \sin (a-b) \sin (a-c)}{\sin (b+c)}+\frac{\sin b \sin (b-c) \sin (b-a)}{\sin (c+a)} \\ +\frac{\sin c \sin (c-a) \sin (c-b)}{\sin (a+b)} \geqslant 0 \end{array}

Solution

18. Since sin(xy)sin(x+y)=12(cos2βcos2α)=sin2αsin2β\sin (x-y) \sin (x+y)=\frac{1}{2}(\cos 2 \beta-\cos 2 \alpha)=\sin ^{2} \alpha-\sin ^{2} \beta, we have
sinasin(ab)sin(ac)sin(a+b)sin(a+c)=sina(sin2asin2b)(sin2asin2c)\begin{aligned} & \sin a \sin (a-b) \sin (a-c) \sin (a+b) \sin (a+c) \\ = & \sin a\left(\sin ^{2} a-\sin ^{2} b\right)\left(\sin ^{2} a-\sin ^{2} c\right) \end{aligned}

Let x=sin2a,y=sin2b,z=sin2cx=\sin ^{2} a, y=\sin ^{2} b, z=\sin ^{2} c, then the original inequality is equivalent to
x12(xy)(xz)+y12(yz)(yx)+z12(zx)(zy)0,x^{\frac{1}{2}}(x-y)(x-z)+y^{\frac{1}{2}}(y-z)(y-x)+z^{\frac{1}{2}}(z-x)(z-y) \geqslant 0,

which is the Schur inequality.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.