Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it

9. Given nn segments. It is known that any n1n-1 segments can form an n1n-1-sided polygon. Prove: It is possible to form a triangle using any 3 of these segments.

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Solution

9. We arrange the given nn segments in length as a1a2ana_{1} \leqslant a_{2} \leqslant \cdots \leqslant a_{n}. If no 3 segments can form a triangle, then we have a3a1+a2,a6a2+a3,,anan2+an1a_{3} \geqslant a_{1}+a_{2}, a_{6} \geqslant a_{2}+a_{3}, \cdots, a_{n} \geqslant a_{n-2} +a_{n-1}, thus anan2+an3++a3+2a2+a1a_{n} \geqslant a_{n-2}+a_{n-3}+\cdots+a_{3}+2 a_{2}+a_{1}, hence an>j=1n2aja_{n}>\sum_{j=1}^{n-2} a_{j}, which means an,an2,an3,,a3,a2,a1a_{n}, a_{n-2}, a_{n-3}, \cdots, a_{3}, a_{2}, a_{1} these n1n-1 segments (excluding an1a_{n-1}) cannot form an (n1)(n-1)-gon, leading to a contradiction.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.