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Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National olympiad Find the answer

PQPQ is a diameter of a circle. PRPR and QSQS are chords with intersection at TT. If PTQ=θ\angle PTQ= \theta, determine the ratio of the area of QTP\triangle QTP to the area of SRT\triangle SRT (i.e. area of QTP\triangle QTP/area of SRT\triangle SRT) in terms of trigonometric functions of θ\theta

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

1. Given that PQPQ is a diameter of the circle, PRPR and QSQS are chords intersecting at TT, and PTQ=θ\angle PTQ = \theta.
2. We need to determine the ratio of the area of QTP\triangle QTP to the area of SRT\triangle SRT in terms of trigonometric functions of θ\theta.

First, observe that PQTSRT\triangle PQT \sim \triangle SRT because:
- TPQ=RPQ=RSQ=RST\angle TPQ = \angle RPQ = \angle RSQ = \angle RST (angles subtended by the same arc are equal).
- TQP=SQP=SRP=SRT\angle TQP = \angle SQP = \angle SRP = \angle SRT (angles subtended by the same arc are equal).

Since PQTSRT\triangle PQT \sim \triangle SRT, the ratio of their areas is the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. Let TPTS=r\frac{TP}{TS} = r. Then, the desired ratio of the areas is r2r^2.

Next, observe that PST=PSQ=90\angle PST = \angle PSQ = 90^\circ because PQPQ is a diameter (by the Inscribed Angle Theorem, an angle subtended by a diameter is a right angle).

Now, consider the triangle PST\triangle PST:
- STP=180θ\angle STP = 180^\circ - \theta (since PTQ=θ\angle PTQ = \theta and PTQ\angle PTQ and STP\angle STP are supplementary).

Using the cosine rule in PST\triangle PST:
TPTS=1cos(STP)=1cos(180θ) \frac{TP}{TS} = \frac{1}{\cos(\angle STP)} = \frac{1}{\cos(180^\circ - \theta)}

Since cos(180θ)=cos(θ)\cos(180^\circ - \theta) = -\cos(\theta), we have:
TPTS=1cos(θ)=1cos(θ) \frac{TP}{TS} = \frac{1}{-\cos(\theta)} = -\frac{1}{\cos(\theta)}

However, since θ>90\theta > 90^\circ, cos(θ)\cos(\theta) is negative, making 1cos(θ)-\frac{1}{\cos(\theta)} positive. Therefore:
TPTS=1cos(θ) \frac{TP}{TS} = \frac{1}{|\cos(\theta)|}

The desired ratio of the areas is:
(TPTS)2=(1cos(θ))2=1cos2(θ) \left( \frac{TP}{TS} \right)^2 = \left( \frac{1}{|\cos(\theta)|} \right)^2 = \frac{1}{\cos^2(\theta)}

The final answer is 1cos2(θ)\boxed{\frac{1}{\cos^2(\theta)}}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.