Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.5 National olympiad Prove it

In an acute triangle ABCA B C, II is the center of the inscribed circle, and it is given that AC+AI=BC|A C|+|A I|=|B C|. Prove that BAC=2ABC\angle B A C=2 \angle A B C.
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Solution

Define a point DD on side BCB C such that CD=AC|C D|=|A C|. Given that BC=AC+AI|B C|=|A C|+|A I|, DD lies internally on side BCB C and BD=AI|B D|=|A I|. Since triangle ACDA C D is now isosceles, bisector CIC I is also the perpendicular bisector of ADA D, so AA and DD are each other's reflection in CIC I. This implies CDI=CAI=IAB\angle C D I=\angle C A I=\angle I A B, so 180BDI=IAB180^{\circ}-\angle B D I=\angle I A B, which means that ABDIA B D I is a cyclic quadrilateral. In this cyclic quadrilateral, BDB D and AIA I are of equal length. According to Julian's theorem, ABA B and IDI D are then parallel. Therefore, ABDIA B D I is an isosceles trapezoid and the base angles of this trapezoid are equal. Thus, CBA=DBA=BAI=12BAC\angle C B A=\angle D B A=\angle B A I=\frac{1}{2} \angle B A C, from which the desired result follows directly.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.