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Geometry Difficulty 7.6 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Proposition 8 Let PP be any point inside (including the boundary) ABC\triangle ABC, draw perpendiculars from PP to the three sides BCBC, CACA, ABAB, with the feet of the perpendiculars being AA', BB', CC', respectively. Connect AA', BB', CC' to form ABC\triangle A'B'C'. If the areas of ABC\triangle ABC and ABC\triangle A'B'C' are denoted by Δ\Delta and Δ\Delta', respectively, then
Δ14Δ\Delta' \leqslant \frac{1}{4} \Delta

Equality holds in (9) if and only if point PP is the circumcenter of ABC\triangle ABC.

Solution

Let BC=aBC = a, CA=bCA = b, AB=cAB = c, PA=λPA' = \lambda, PB=uPB' = u, PC=vPC' = v. In the theorem, let
x=a2+b2+c2y=a2b2+c2z=a2+b2c2x=λa,y=ub,z=vc\begin{array}{c} x' = -a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \\ y' = a^2 - b^2 + c^2 \\ z' = a^2 + b^2 - c^2 \\ x = \frac{\lambda}{a}, y = \frac{u}{b}, z = \frac{v}{c} \end{array}

Then the left side of equation (1)\left(1'\right) is
(y+z)2x+(z+x)2y+(x+y)2z=λa+ub+vc=2Δ\frac{(y' + z')}{2} x + \frac{(z' + x')}{2} y + \frac{(x' + y')}{2} z = \lambda a + u b + v c = 2 \Delta

At this time, the right side of equation (1) is
yz+zx+xyyz+zx+xy=4Δuvbc+vλca+λuab=4Δ12uvsinAΔ+12vλsinBΔ+12λusinCΔ\sqrt{y' z' + z' x' + x' y'} \cdot \sqrt{y z + z x + x y} = 4 \Delta \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u v}{b c} + \frac{v \lambda}{c a} + \frac{\lambda u}{a b}} = 4 \Delta \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2} u v \sin A}{\Delta} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} v \lambda \sin B}{\Delta} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} \lambda u \sin C}{\Delta}}
Note that 12uvsinA=12uvsinCPB=SΔBCP\frac{1}{2} u v \sin A = \frac{1}{2} u v \sin \angle C' P B' = S_{\Delta B' C' P}, etc.
The above expression=4ΔΔΔ=4ΔΔ\text{The above expression} = 4 \Delta \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\Delta'}{\Delta}} = 4 \sqrt{\Delta \Delta'}

Therefore, we have
2Δ4ΔΔΔ14Δ\begin{aligned} 2 \Delta & \geqslant 4 \sqrt{\Delta \Delta'} \\ \Delta' & \leqslant \frac{1}{4} \Delta \end{aligned}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.