Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /474 of 520

Algebra Difficulty 7.5 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

14. Let a,b,c,da, b, c, d all be positive numbers, prove the inequality: ab+2c+3d+bc+2d+3a+\frac{a}{b+2 c+3 d}+\frac{b}{c+2 d+3 a}+ cd+2a+3b+da+2b+3c23\frac{c}{d+2 a+3 b}+\frac{d}{a+2 b+3 c} \geqslant \frac{2}{3}. (34th IMO Shortlist)

Solution

14. Make the linear substitution {x=b+2c+3dy=c+2d+3az=d+2a+3bw=a+2b+3c\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=b+2 c+3 d \\ y=c+2 d+3 a \\ z=d+2 a+3 b \\ w=a+2 b+3 c\end{array}\right., treating a,b,c,da, b, c, d as variables, and solve to get
{a=524x+724y+124z+124wb=124x524y+724z+124wc=124x+124y524z+724wd=724x+124y+124z524w\left\{\begin{array}{l} a=-\frac{5}{24} x+\frac{7}{24} y+\frac{1}{24} z+\frac{1}{24} w \\ b=\frac{1}{24} x-\frac{5}{24} y+\frac{7}{24} z+\frac{1}{24} w \\ c=\frac{1}{24} x+\frac{1}{24} y-\frac{5}{24} z+\frac{7}{24} w \\ d=\frac{7}{24} x+\frac{1}{24} y+\frac{1}{24} z-\frac{5}{24} w \end{array}\right.

Let the left side of the original inequality be MM. Substituting the above four equations, we get
M=724(yx+zy+wz+xw)+124(zx+wy+xz+yw)+124(wx+xy+yz+zw)56724(4yxzywzxw4)+124(4zxwyxzyw4)+124(4wxxyyzzw4)56=23\begin{aligned} M= & \frac{7}{24}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{w}{z}+\frac{x}{w}\right)+\frac{1}{24}\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{w}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{w}\right)+ \\ & \frac{1}{24}\left(\frac{w}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{w}\right)-\frac{5}{6} \geqslant \\ & \frac{7}{24}\left(4 \sqrt[4]{\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{z}{y} \cdot \frac{w}{z} \cdot \frac{x}{w}}\right)+\frac{1}{24}\left(4 \sqrt[4]{\frac{z}{x} \cdot \frac{w}{y} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{w}}\right)+ \\ & \frac{1}{24}\left(4 \sqrt[4]{\frac{w}{x} \cdot \frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{y}{z} \cdot \frac{z}{w}}\right)-\frac{5}{6}=\frac{2}{3} \end{aligned}

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.