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Number theory Difficulty 6.3 National olympiad Find the answer

For how many values of kk is 121212^{12} the least common multiple of the positive integers 66,88,6^6, 8^8, and kk?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

1. We start by noting that the least common multiple (LCM) of the numbers 666^6, 888^8, and kk must be 121212^{12}. We need to find the values of kk such that this condition holds.

2. First, we express each number in terms of its prime factorization:
66=(23)6=2636 6^6 = (2 \cdot 3)^6 = 2^6 \cdot 3^6
88=(23)8=224 8^8 = (2^3)^8 = 2^{24}
1212=(223)12=224312 12^{12} = (2^2 \cdot 3)^12 = 2^{24} \cdot 3^{12}

3. Let kk be expressed in terms of its prime factors as k=2a3bk = 2^a \cdot 3^b, where aa and bb are non-negative integers.

4. The LCM of 666^6, 888^8, and kk is given by:
LCM(66,88,k)=LCM(2636,224,2a3b) \text{LCM}(6^6, 8^8, k) = \text{LCM}(2^6 \cdot 3^6, 2^{24}, 2^a \cdot 3^b)

5. The LCM of several numbers is found by taking the highest power of each prime that appears in any of the factorizations. Therefore:
LCM(2636,224,2a3b)=2max(6,24,a)3max(6,0,b) \text{LCM}(2^6 \cdot 3^6, 2^{24}, 2^a \cdot 3^b) = 2^{\max(6, 24, a)} \cdot 3^{\max(6, 0, b)}

6. For the LCM to be equal to 1212=22431212^{12} = 2^{24} \cdot 3^{12}, we must have:
2max(6,24,a)=224and3max(6,0,b)=312 2^{\max(6, 24, a)} = 2^{24} \quad \text{and} \quad 3^{\max(6, 0, b)} = 3^{12}

7. From 2max(6,24,a)=2242^{\max(6, 24, a)} = 2^{24}, it follows that:
max(6,24,a)=24    a24 \max(6, 24, a) = 24 \implies a \leq 24

8. From 3max(6,0,b)=3123^{\max(6, 0, b)} = 3^{12}, it follows that:
max(6,0,b)=12    b=12 \max(6, 0, b) = 12 \implies b = 12

9. Therefore, aa can take any integer value from 00 to 2424, inclusive. This gives us 2525 possible values for aa.

10. Since bb must be exactly 1212, there are no other constraints on bb.

Thus, there are 2525 possible values for kk.

The final answer is 25\boxed{25}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.