Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National olympiad Prove it

Let ABCDA B C D be a parallelogram such that AC=BCA C=B C. A point PP is chosen on the extension of the segment ABA B beyond BB. The circumcircle of the triangle ACDA C D meets the segment PDP D again at QQ, and the circumcircle of the triangle APQA P Q meets the segment PCP C again at RR. Prove that the lines CD,AQC D, A Q, and BRB R are concurrent. Common remarks. The introductory steps presented here are used in all solutions below. Since AC=BC=ADA C=B C=A D, we have ABC=BAC=ACD=ADC\angle A B C=\angle B A C=\angle A C D=\angle A D C. Since the quadrilaterals APRQA P R Q and AQCDA Q C D are cyclic, we obtain CRA=180ARP=180AQP=DQA=DCA=CBA, \angle C R A=180^{\circ}-\angle A R P=180^{\circ}-\angle A Q P=\angle D Q A=\angle D C A=\angle C B A, so the points A,B,CA, B, C, and RR lie on some circle γ\gamma.

Solution

Introduce the point X=AQCDX=A Q \cap C D; we need to prove that B,RB, R and XX are collinear. By means of the circle (APRQ)(A P R Q) we have
RQX=180AQR=RPA=RCX \angle R Q X=180^{\circ}-\angle A Q R=\angle R P A=\angle R C X
(the last equality holds in view of ABCDA B \| C D), which means that the points C,Q,RC, Q, R, and XX also lie on some circle δ\delta. Using the circles δ\delta and γ\gamma we finally obtain
XRC=XQC=180CQA=ADC=BAC=180CRB, \angle X R C=\angle X Q C=180^{\circ}-\angle C Q A=\angle A D C=\angle B A C=180^{\circ}-\angle C R B,
that proves the desired collinearity. !

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.