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Algebra Difficulty 6.0 National olympiad Find the answer

65. Let a1,a2,,ana_{1}, a_{2}, \cdots, a_{n} be positive real numbers, and n>2n>2 be a given positive integer. Find the largest positive number KK and the smallest positive number GG such that the following inequality holds: K<a1a1+a2+a2a2+a3++anan+a1<GK<\frac{a_{1}}{a_{1}+a_{2}}+\frac{a_{2}}{a_{2}+a_{3}}+\cdots+\frac{a_{n}}{a_{n}+a_{1}}<G. (1991 Japan Mathematical Olympiad)

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

65. Let an+1=a1,Sn=a1a1+a2+a2a2+a3++anan+a1a_{n+1}=a_{1}, S_{n}=\frac{a_{1}}{a_{1}+a_{2}}+\frac{a_{2}}{a_{2}+a_{3}}+\cdots+\frac{a_{n}}{a_{n}+a_{1}}, then
Sn>a1a1+a2++an+a2a1+a2++an++ana1+a2++an=1S_{n}>\frac{a_{1}}{a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots+a_{n}}+\frac{a_{2}}{a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots+a_{n}}+\cdots+\frac{a_{n}}{a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots+a_{n}}=1

Also,
S n +1= S n + a 1 a 1 +a 2 + +a n + a 2 a 1 +a 2 + +a n + + a n a 1 +a 2 + +a n 0\text{S n +1= S n + a 1 a 1 +a 2 + +a n + a 2 a 1 +a 2 + +a n + + a n a 1 +a 2 + +a n 0},thenwehave, then we have Sn=n11+t+tn11+tn1$.S_{n}=\frac{n-1}{1+t}+\frac{t^{n-1}}{1+t^{n-1}}\$.
Since limt0Sn(t)=n1,limt+Sn(t)=1\lim _{t \rightarrow 0} S_{n}(t)=n-1, \lim _{t \rightarrow+\infty} S_{n}(t)=1, the bounds of the inequality are optimal.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.