Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Find the answer

14. Let A=(aij),B=(bij)(1in,1jl)\boldsymbol{A}=\left(a_{i j}\right), \boldsymbol{B}=\left(b_{i j}\right)(1 \leqslant i \leqslant n, 1 \leqslant j \leqslant l) be two nn-row ll-column integer matrices, m1m \geqslant 1. We say matrix A\boldsymbol{A} is congruent to matrix B\boldsymbol{B} modulo mm, if aijbij(modm)a_{i j} \equiv b_{i j}(\bmod m), 1in,1jl1 \leqslant i \leqslant n, 1 \leqslant j \leqslant l, denoted as AB(modm)\boldsymbol{A} \equiv \boldsymbol{B}(\bmod m). In this way, the system of linear congruences in Problem 13 can be expressed as
(abcd)(xy)(ef)(modm)\left(\begin{array}{ll} a & b \\ c & d \end{array}\right)\binom{x}{y} \equiv\binom{e}{f}(\bmod m)
Δ\Delta is the determinant of the matrix (abcd)\left(\begin{array}{ll}a & b \\ c & d\end{array}\right). When (Δ,m)=1(\Delta, m)=1, there is a unique solution
(xy)=Δ1(dbca)(ef)(modm).\binom{x}{y}=\Delta^{-1}\left(\begin{array}{cc} d & -b \\ -c & a \end{array}\right)\binom{e}{f}(\bmod m) .

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

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