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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National olympiad Find the answer

Given is a triangle ABCABC with the property that AB+AC=3BC|AB|+|AC|=3|BC|. Let TT be the point on line segment ACAC such that AC=4AT|AC|=4|AT|. Let KK and LL be points on the interior of line segments ABAB and ACAC respectively, such that first, KLBCKL \parallel BC and second, KLKL is tangent to the incircle of ABC\triangle ABC. Let SS be the intersection of BTBT and KLKL. Determine the ratio SLKL\frac{|SL|}{|KL|}.
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A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

The quadrilateral KBCLK B C L touches all its sides to the inscribed circle of ABC\triangle A B C. At each vertex, there are two equal tangent segments. Two opposite sides of the quadrilateral consist precisely of the four different tangent segments, so KB+LC=KL+BC|K B|+|L C|=|K L|+|B C|.

Given KLBCK L \| B C, we have AKLABC\triangle A K L \sim \triangle A B C. Let tt be the scaling factor of this similarity, so AK=tAB,AL=tAC|A K|=t|A B|,|A L|=t|A C|, and KL=tBC|K L|=t|B C|. Then BK=|B K|= ABAK=ABtAB=(1t)AB|A B|-|A K|=|A B|-t|A B|=(1-t)|A B|. Similarly, CL=(1t)AC|C L|=(1-t)|A C|. Now we have
tBC+BC=KL+BC=KB+LC=(1t)AB+(1t)AC=3(1t)BCt|B C|+|B C|=|K L|+|B C|=|K B|+|L C|=(1-t)|A B|+(1-t)|A C|=3(1-t)|B C|,
where the last equality holds due to the given condition in the problem. Dividing by BC|B C| gives 1+t=33t1+t=3-3 t, or 4t=24 t=2 thus t=12t=\frac{1}{2}. We conclude that KK is the midpoint of ABA B and LL is the midpoint of ACA C.

We already knew AKLABC\triangle A K L \sim \triangle A B C, which implies KLBC=ALAC\frac{|K L|}{|B C|}=\frac{|A L|}{|A C|}. Given KLBCK L \| B C, we also have TSLTBC\triangle T S L \sim \triangle T B C, so SLBC=TLTC\frac{|S L|}{|B C|}=\frac{|T L|}{|T C|}. Combining these ratios, we get

SLKL=SLBCBCKL=TLTCACAL. \frac{|S L|}{|K L|}=\frac{|S L|}{|B C|} \cdot \frac{|B C|}{|K L|}=\frac{|T L|}{|T C|} \cdot \frac{|A C|}{|A L|} .

We know that ACAL=2\frac{|A C|}{|A L|}=2, since LL is the midpoint of ACA C. This also means that TT is the midpoint of ALA L, as 4AT=AC=2AL4|A T|=|A C|=2|A L|. Thus TLTC=14AC34AC=13\frac{|T L|}{|T C|}=\frac{\frac{1}{4}|A C|}{\frac{3}{4}|A C|}=\frac{1}{3}. We conclude that SLKL=132=23\frac{|S L|}{|K L|}=\frac{1}{3} \cdot 2=\frac{2}{3}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.