Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.8 National olympiad Prove it

Prove that in a trapezoid with perpendicular diagonals, the product of the legs is at least as much as the product of the bases.

Solution

1. Let ABCDABCD be a trapezoid with ADBCAD \parallel BC and let the diagonals ACAC and BDBD intersect at point PP. We need to prove that the product of the legs is at least as much as the product of the bases, i.e.,
ABCDADBC. AB \cdot CD \ge AD \cdot BC.

2. Given that the diagonals are perpendicular, we have ACBDAC \perp BD. Let PA=aPA = a, PB=bPB = b, PC=cPC = c, and PD=dPD = d. We need to show:
(a2+b2)(c2+d2)(a2+d2)(b2+c2). (a^2 + b^2)(c^2 + d^2) \ge (a^2 + d^2)(b^2 + c^2).

3. Expanding both sides, we get:
(a2+b2)(c2+d2)=a2c2+a2d2+b2c2+b2d2, (a^2 + b^2)(c^2 + d^2) = a^2c^2 + a^2d^2 + b^2c^2 + b^2d^2,
and
(a2+d2)(b2+c2)=a2b2+a2c2+d2b2+d2c2. (a^2 + d^2)(b^2 + c^2) = a^2b^2 + a^2c^2 + d^2b^2 + d^2c^2.

4. Subtracting the right-hand side from the left-hand side, we obtain:
(a2c2+a2d2+b2c2+b2d2)(a2b2+a2c2+d2b2+d2c2)=a2d2+b2c2a2b2d2c2. (a^2c^2 + a^2d^2 + b^2c^2 + b^2d^2) - (a^2b^2 + a^2c^2 + d^2b^2 + d^2c^2) = a^2d^2 + b^2c^2 - a^2b^2 - d^2c^2.

5. Rearranging terms, we get:
a2d2+b2c2a2b2d2c2=(a2c2)(d2b2). a^2d^2 + b^2c^2 - a^2b^2 - d^2c^2 = (a^2 - c^2)(d^2 - b^2).

6. Since ADBCAD \parallel BC, we have the ratios PAPD=PCPB=t\frac{PA}{PD} = \frac{PC}{PB} = t. This implies:
a=tdandc=tb. a = td \quad \text{and} \quad c = tb.

7. Substituting these into the inequality, we get:
(t2d2t2b2)(d2b2)=t2(d2b2)2. (t^2d^2 - t^2b^2)(d^2 - b^2) = t^2(d^2 - b^2)^2.

8. Since (d2b2)20(d^2 - b^2)^2 \ge 0 and t20t^2 \ge 0, it follows that:
t2(d2b2)20. t^2(d^2 - b^2)^2 \ge 0.

9. Therefore, the inequality holds:
(PA2+PB2)(PC2+PD2)(PA2+PD2)(PB2+PC2). (PA^2 + PB^2)(PC^2 + PD^2) \ge (PA^2 + PD^2)(PB^2 + PC^2).

\blacksquare

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.