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Geometry Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

The AA-excircle of a triangle ABCABC touches the side BCBC at the point KK and the extended side ABAB at the point LL. The BB-excircle touches the lines BABA and BCBC at the points MM and NN, respectively. The lines KLKL and MNMN meet at the point XX.

Show that the line CXCX bisects the angle ACNACN.

Solution

1. Define the problem setup and notation:
- Let AA-excircle of ABC\triangle ABC touch BCBC at KK and the extended side ABAB at LL.
- Let BB-excircle touch BABA at MM and BCBC at NN.
- Let KLKL and MNMN intersect at XX.
- We need to show that CXCX bisects ACN\angle ACN.

2. **Use Menelaus' Theorem in BMN\triangle BMN with transversal KLKL:**
- Menelaus' Theorem states that for a transversal intersecting the sides (or their extensions) of a triangle, the product of the ratios of the segments is 1.
- Apply Menelaus' Theorem to BMN\triangle BMN with transversal KLKL:
LBLMS1MS1NKNKB=1 \frac{LB}{LM} \cdot \frac{S_1M}{S_1N} \cdot \frac{KN}{KB} = 1
- Substitute the known lengths:
pca+bS1MS1Ncpc=1 \frac{p-c}{a+b} \cdot \frac{S_1M}{S_1N} \cdot \frac{c}{p-c} = 1
- Simplify to find:
S1MS1N=a+bc(1) \frac{S_1M}{S_1N} = \frac{a+b}{c} \quad \text{(1)}

3. **Use Menelaus' Theorem in BMN\triangle BMN with transversal VS2CVS_2C:**
- Apply Menelaus' Theorem to BMN\triangle BMN with transversal VS2CVS_2C:
VMVBCBCNS2NS2M=1 \frac{VM}{VB} \cdot \frac{CB}{CN} \cdot \frac{S_2N}{S_2M} = 1
- Substitute the known lengths and expressions:
(a+b)(pa)abacabapaS2NS2M=1 \frac{\frac{(a+b)(p-a)}{a-b}}{\frac{ac}{a-b}} \cdot \frac{a}{p-a} \cdot \frac{S_2N}{S_2M} = 1
- Simplify to find:
S2MS2N=a+bc(2) \frac{S_2M}{S_2N} = \frac{a+b}{c} \quad \text{(2)}

4. **Conclude that S1S2SS_1 \equiv S_2 \equiv S:**
- From (1) and (2), we have:
S1MS1N=S2MS2N \frac{S_1M}{S_1N} = \frac{S_2M}{S_2N}
- This implies that S1S_1 and S2S_2 are the same point, denoted as SS.
- Therefore, KLKL and CIbCI_b are concurrent at SMNS \in MN.

5. **Use the lemma to show CXCX bisects ACN\angle ACN:**
- Consider the lemma about the right triangle XYZXYZ and the projections UU and VV.
- Apply this lemma to the right triangle BIaIbBI_aI_b and the line dBAd \equiv BA.
- This implies that WYZW \in YZ and similarly, CXCX bisects ACN\angle ACN.

\blacksquare

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.