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Geometry Difficulty 4.5 AIME Prove it

A moving circle MM passes through a fixed point OO and is tangent to the fixed line l:x=1l: x=-1. The trajectory of the center MM of the moving circle is the curve CC.
(Ⅰ) Determine the equation of the curve CC;
(Ⅱ) A line ll′ with slope kk intersects the yy-axis at point PP, and is tangent to the curve CC at point AA. Let the midpoint of OAOA be QQ (where OO is the origin). Prove that the slope of the line PQPQ is 00.

Solution

(Ⅰ) According to the problem statement, the trajectory of point MM forms a parabola with focus FF located at the origin. Thus, the equation of curve CC is
y2=4x. y^2 = 4x.
(Ⅱ) Let's consider the line l:y=kx+ml: y = kx + m. To find the tangent point with the curve CC, we solve the system of equations:
{y2=4x,y=kx+m. \begin{cases} y^2 = 4x,\\ y = kx + m. \end{cases}
Substituting yy from the second equation into the first, we get:
(kx+m)2=4x. (kx + m)^2 = 4x.
Expanding and rearranging terms, we have the quadratic equation
k2x2+(2mk4)x+m2=0. k^2x^2 + (2mk - 4)x + m^2 = 0.
To be tangent at a single point, the discriminant Δ\Delta of this quadratic equation must be zero:
(2mk4)24m2k2=0 (2mk - 4)^2 - 4m^2k^2 = 0
Δ=16(1mk)=0. \Delta = 16(1 - mk) = 0.
From this, we deduce that m=1km = \frac{1}{k}. Substituting mm, the equation of line ll becomes
y=kx+1k, y = kx + \frac{1}{k},
and the yy-intercept PP is at (0,1k)(0, \frac{1}{k}).

The quadratic equation now becomes
k2x22x+1k2=0, k^2x^2 - 2x + \frac{1}{k^2} = 0,
solving for xx yields x=1k2x = \frac{1}{k^2}.
Subsequently, we find y=kx+1k=2ky = kx + \frac{1}{k} = \frac{2}{k}, which gives us the coordinates of point AA as (1k2,2k)\left( \frac{1}{k^2}, \frac{2}{k} \right).

Since QQ is the midpoint of OAOA, its coordinates are
Q(12k2,1k). Q\left( \frac{1}{2k^2}, \frac{1}{k} \right).

Finally, the slope of PQPQ is derived from the change in yy over the change in xx:
kPQ=1k1k12k20=012k2=0. k_{PQ} = \frac{\frac{1}{k} - \frac{1}{k}}{\frac{1}{2k^2} - 0} = \frac{0}{\frac{1}{2k^2}} = 0.

Therefore, the slope of the line PQPQ is
0, \boxed{0},
which means the line PQPQ is horizontal.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.