Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National olympiad Prove it

Let ABCDA B C D be a cyclic quadrilateral with AD=BD|A D|=|B D|. Let MM be the intersection of ACA C and BDB D. Let II be the incenter of BCM\triangle B C M. Let NN be the second intersection of ACA C with the circumcircle of BMI\triangle B M I. Prove that ANNC=CDBN|A N| \cdot|N C| = |C D| \cdot|B N|.

Solution

Let α=DAB\alpha=\angle D A B. Since AD=BD|A D|=|B D|, we also have ABD=α\angle A B D=\alpha. By the inscribed angle theorem, we find ACD=α\angle A C D=\alpha, while the cyclic quadrilateral theorem gives BCD=180α\angle B C D=180^{\circ}-\alpha. Therefore, BCA=1802α\angle B C A=180^{\circ}-2 \alpha. The angle sum in triangle BIMB I M gives, together with the fact that II is the intersection of the angle bisectors of BCM\triangle B C M, that

BIM=180IMBMBI=90+9012CMB12MBC=90+12BCM=90+12BCA=90+90α=180α. \begin{gathered} \angle B I M=180^{\circ}-\angle I M B-\angle M B I=90^{\circ}+90^{\circ}-\frac{1}{2} \angle C M B-\frac{1}{2} \angle M B C \\ =90^{\circ}+\frac{1}{2} \angle B C M=90^{\circ}+\frac{1}{2} \angle B C A=90^{\circ}+90^{\circ}-\alpha=180^{\circ}-\alpha . \end{gathered}

Since BIMNBIMN is a cyclic quadrilateral, it follows that BNM=α\angle B N M=\alpha. The angle sum in BNC\triangle B N C now gives
NBC=180BCNCNB=180BCAMNB=180(1802α)α=α\angle N B C=180^{\circ}-\angle B C N-\angle C N B=180^{\circ}-\angle B C A-\angle M N B=180^{\circ}-\left(180^{\circ}-2 \alpha\right)-\alpha=\alpha.
This means that

ABN=ABCNBC=ABCα=ABCABD=CBD. \angle A B N=\angle A B C-\angle N B C=\angle A B C-\alpha=\angle A B C-\angle A B D=\angle C B D .

Combined with NAB=CAB=CDB\angle N A B=\angle C A B=\angle C D B, which holds by the inscribed angle theorem, we get ABNDBC\triangle A B N \sim \triangle D B C (AA). Therefore,

ANCD=BNCB \frac{|A N|}{|C D|}=\frac{|B N|}{|C B|}

or CDBN=ANCB|C D| \cdot|B N|=|A N| \cdot|C B|. We know that NBC=α=BNM=BNC\angle N B C=\alpha=\angle B N M=\angle B N C, so BNC\triangle B N C is isosceles with vertex angle CC, thus CB=CN|C B|=|C N|. Therefore, CDBN=|C D| \cdot|B N|= ANCN|A N| \cdot|C N|, which is what we wanted to prove.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.