13. (Euclidean algorithm in Q[x]) Let f0,f1∈Q[x], f1=0,f1∤f0. Prove:
(i) It is always possible to repeatedly apply the division algorithm from the previous problem to obtain the following k+1 equations:
f0=q0f1+f2,f1=q1f2+f3,⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯fk−1=qk−1fk+fk+1,fk=qkfk+1;degf2<degf1,f2=0,degf3<degf2,f3=0,⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯degfk+1<degfk,fk+1=0,
(ii) fk+1∣fj(0⩽j⩽k);
(iii) For each j(0⩽j<k), there exist hj,hj+1∈Q[x], such that
fk+1=hjfj+hj+1fj+1.
Want a route through all this instead of an archive?
The track
puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.