Lemma. Let I be the incenter of △ABC and let the points P and Q lie on the lines AB and AC. Then the points A,I,P, and Q lie on a circle if and only if
BP+CQ=BC
where BP equals ∣BP∣ if P lies in the ray BA→ and −∣BP∣ if it does not, and similarly for CQ.
Proof of the lemma. We shall only consider the case when P and Q lie in the segments AB and AC. All other cases are treated analogously.
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Suppose that A,I,P, and Q lie on a circle. Let D and E be the contact points of the incircle of △ABC with AB and AC. We have that ∠PIQ=180∘−α, so ∠DIP=∠EIQ and, therefore, △DIP≃△EIQ. This gives us DP=EQ and BP+CQ=BD+CE=BC, as needed.
The converse is established by following the foregoing chain of inequalities in reverse.
Let the circumcircle of △MI1I3 meet the lines AB,CM, and DM for the second time at P,Q, and R. By the lemma, BP+CQ=BC and DR+AP=DA. Therefore, CQ+DR=BC+DA−BP−AP= BC+DA−AB. Since ABCD is circumscribed, this is equal to CD, and, by the lemma, the proof is complete.
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Second solution. Let ω1,ω2, and ω3 be the incircles of △MBC,△MCD, and △MDA.
The common internal tangent t1 of ω1 and ω2 equals
[ tangent from M to ω2]−[ tangent from M to ω1]=21(MC+MD−CD−MB−MC+BC).
Analogously, the common internal tangent t2 of ω2 and ω3 equals
[ tangent from M to ω2]−[ tangent from M to ω3]=21(MC+MD−CD−MD−MA+DA).
Finally, the common external tangent t3 of ω1 and ω3 equals
[ tangent from M to ω1]−[ tangent from M to ω3]=21(MB+MC−BC+MD+MA−DA).
Since ABCD is circumscribed, we have AB+CD=BC+DA, and, therefore, t1+t2=t3. It follows from this that ω1,ω2, and ω3 have a common tangent s (which separates ω2 from ω1 and ω3 ).
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Let △MKL be the triangle formed by the lines MC,MD, and s. Then, since I1I2 and I2I3 are external angle bisectors in it, we have ∠I1I2I3=90∘−21∠KML=180∘−∠I1MI3 and, therefore, MI1I2I3 is cyclic.
Remark(PSC): In the first solution, the angle α refers to the angle ∠BAC.
Remark(PSC) : Referring to solution 1 , the inequality t3≤t1+t2 holds, the equality is possible if and only if the circles ω1,ω2, and ω3 have a common tangent.
Remark(PSC): This problem was selected as G1 relative to the other Geometry problems proposed. PSC thinks the difficulty level of this problem is medium.