Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it

5 . In right triangle ABCA B C, ADA D is the altitude on the hypotenuse BCB C, and the line connecting the incenter of triangle ABDA B D with the incenter of triangle ACDA C D intersects sides ABA B and ACA C at points KK and LL, respectively. The areas of triangles ABCA B C and AKLA K L are denoted as SS and TT, respectively. Prove that: S2TS \geqslant 2 T.

Solution

5. Let the incenter of ABD\triangle A B D be MM, and the incenter of ACD\triangle A C D be NN. Since ADBCDA\triangle A D B \sim \triangle C D A, note that DMD M and DND N are two external angle bisectors from DD, hence we have
nMDN=BDAD, \frac{n M}{D N}=\frac{B D}{A D},

and it is clear that MDN=90\angle M D N=90^{\circ}. Therefore, NMD\triangle N M D is directly similar to ABD\triangle A B D. Thus, the corresponding angles of the two triangles are equal, for example, the angle between NMN M and ABA B should equal the angle between DMD M and DAD A, i.e.,
LKA=BDM=45 \angle L K A=\angle B D M=45^{\circ} \text {. }

This makes ALK\triangle A L K an isosceles right triangle. Also, since AMKAMD\triangle A M K \cong \triangle A M D, we have AK=AD=ALA K=A D=A L,
thus,
S=12ABAC,T=12AKAL=12AD2=12AB2AC2AB2+AC2. \begin{array}{l} S=\frac{1}{2} A B \cdot A C, \\ T=\frac{1}{2} A K \cdot A L=\frac{1}{2} A D^{2} \\ =\frac{1}{2} \frac{A B^{2} A C^{2}}{A B^{2}+A C^{2}} . \\ \end{array}

Therefore,
S2T=AB2+AC22ABAC21; \frac{S}{2 T}=\frac{A B^{2}+A C^{2}}{2 A B \cdot A C^{2}} \geqslant 1 ;

which means S2TS \geqslant 2 T. Proof complete.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.