Prove that there exist at least ways to write as sum of elements of set {}
(each number in sum can be two or more times)
Solution
1. Generalization and Induction Hypothesis:
We generalize the problem by replacing with . We aim to prove the statement by induction on , starting with the base case .
2. Induction Step:
Assume the statement is true for some , i.e., there exist at least ways to write as a sum of elements from the set .
3. **Expanding with 's:**
For any nonnegative integer , consider the number of ways to expand as a sum of elements from with exactly 's. After removing 's, the remaining sum is:
By the induction hypothesis, there are at least ways to expand using elements from .
4. Counting the Total Number of Ways:
Since we have cases (one for each from to ), and each case has more than ways, the total number of ways to write as a sum of elements from is:
This completes the induction step.
5. **Base Case :**
We manually verify the base case for :
- If there are no , then we have ways.
- If there is one , then we have ways.
- If there are two 's, then we have ways.
- If there are three 's, then we have ways.
- If there are four 's, then we have ways.
Summing these, we get:
Thus, the base case holds.
By induction, we have shown that there exist at least ways to write as a sum of elements from the set .