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Combinatorics Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Find the answer
25. Determine
n→∞limi=0∑n(in)1.
(Note: Here (in) denotes i!(n−i)!n! for i=0,1,2,3,⋯,n.
A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.
Solution
25. Answer. 2
Solution. Let
an=i=0∑n(in)−1
Assume that n≥3. It is clear that
an=2+i=1∑n−1(in)−1>2
Also note that
an=2+2/n+i=2∑n−2(in)−1
Since (in)≥(2n) for all i with 2≤i≤n−2,
an≤2+2/n+(n−3)(2n)−1≤2+2/n+2/n=2+4/n.
So we have show that for all n≥3,
2<an≤2+4/n.
Thus
n→∞liman=2
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