Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Find the answer

XV OM - I - Problem 8

On three pairwise skew edges of a cube, choose one point on each in such a way that the sum of the squares of the sides of the triangle formed by them is minimized.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Let ABCDABCD be the base of a cube and AA1AA_1, BB1BB_1, CC1CC_1, DD1DD_1 its edges perpendicular to ABCDABCD. Let XX, YY, ZZ be points chosen on three pairwise skew edges of the cube. It is known that by rotating the cube around certain axes passing through its center, the cube can be superimposed onto itself in such a way that any chosen edge can cover any other edge. Therefore, without loss of generality, we can assume that point XX lies on edge A1A_1. The skew edges to AA1AA_1 are BCBC, CDCD, B1C1B_1C_1, C1D1C_1D_1. (Fig. 8); among them, the mutually skew ones are BCBC and C1D1C_1D_1 as well as B1C1B_1C_1 and CDCD. Thus, we have two sets of three pairwise skew edges: AA1AA_1, BCBC, C1D1C_1D_1 and AA1AA_1, B1C1B_1C_1, CDCD, which transform into each other when the cube is reflected through the plane AA1C1CAA_1C_1C, which is a plane of symmetry of the cube. Therefore, we can assume that the considered set of three pairwise skew edges is AA1AA_1, BCBC, C1D1C_1D_1 and that, for example, point YY lies on BCBC and point ZZ on C1D1C_1D_1. Let AX=xAX = x, BY=yBY = y, C1Z=zC_1Z = z, AA1=aAA_1 = a. Then

from the obtained formula, it is clear that the sum of the squares of the sides of triangle XYZXYZ reaches a minimum when x=y=z=a2x = y = z = \frac{a}{2}, i.e., when points XX, YY, ZZ are chosen at the midpoints of the respective edges. The minimum value is 92a2\frac{9}{2} a^2.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.