Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Let ABCABC be a right angled triangle at AA. Denote DD the foot of the altitude through AA and O1,O2O_1, O_2 the incentres of triangles ADBADB and ADCADC. The circle with centre AA and radius ADAD cuts ABAB in KK and ACAC in LL. Show that O1,O2,KO_1, O_2, K and LL are on a line.

Solution

1. Identify the given elements and their properties:
- ABC \triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle at A A .
- D D is the foot of the altitude from A A to BC BC .
- O1 O_1 and O2 O_2 are the incenters of ADB \triangle ADB and ADC \triangle ADC , respectively.
- The circle with center A A and radius AD AD intersects AB AB at K K and AC AC at L L .

2. **Analyze the circle with center A A and radius AD AD :**
- Since AD AD is the altitude, AD AD is perpendicular to BC BC .
- The circle intersects AB AB at K K and AC AC at L L , implying AK=AD=AL AK = AD = AL .

3. Consider the angles formed by the circle and the triangle:
- Since A \angle A is a right angle, B+C=90 \angle B + \angle C = 90^\circ .
- The circle with center A A and radius AD AD implies that DAL=DAK=90 \angle DAL = \angle DAK = 90^\circ .

4. Analyze the tangent properties and angles:
- Since CD CD is a tangent to the circle at D D , CDL=12DAL=12B \angle CDL = \frac{1}{2} \angle DAL = \frac{1}{2} \angle B .
- Given CDL+LDO2=45 \angle CDL + \angle LDO_2 = 45^\circ , we have LDO2=12C=LCO2 \angle LDO_2 = \frac{1}{2} \angle C = \angle LCO_2 .

5. **Prove that points C,L,O2,D C, L, O_2, D are concyclic:**
- Since LDO2=LCO2 \angle LDO_2 = \angle LCO_2 , quadrilateral CLOD CLOD is cyclic.
- Therefore, ALO2=CDO2=45 \angle ALO_2 = \angle CDO_2 = 45^\circ .

6. **Show that O2 O_2 lies on line KL KL :**
- Since ALO2=45=ALK \angle ALO_2 = 45^\circ = \angle ALK , it follows that O2KL O_2 \in KL .

7. **Similarly, show that O1 O_1 lies on line KL KL :**
- By similar arguments, O1KL O_1 \in KL .

8. **Conclude that O1,O2,K,L O_1, O_2, K, L are collinear:**
- Since both O1 O_1 and O2 O_2 lie on line KL KL , the points O1,O2,K,L O_1, O_2, K, L are collinear.

\blacksquare

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.