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Algebra Difficulty 7.5 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

74. Let a,b,ca, b, c be positive numbers, prove:
13(a+b+c)a2+b2+c23F3(abc+bca+cab)\frac{1}{3}(a+b+c) \leqslant \sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}}{3}} \leqslant \frac{\mathrm{F}}{3}\left(\frac{a b}{c}+\frac{b c}{a}+\frac{c a}{b}\right)
(2007 Irish Mathematical Olympiad)

Solution

74.
a2+(a+b+c3)22a(a+b+c)3b2+(a+b+c3)22b(a+b+c)3c2+(a+b+c3)22c(a+b+c)3\begin{aligned} a^{2}+\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^{2} & \geqslant \frac{2 a(a+b+c)}{3} \\ b^{2}+\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^{2} & \geqslant \frac{2 b(a+b+c)}{3} \\ c^{2}+\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^{2} & \geqslant \frac{2 c(a+b+c)}{3} \end{aligned}

Adding them up, we get a2+b2+c213(a+b+c)2a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2} \geqslant \frac{1}{3}(a+b+c)^{2}, thus the left inequality is proved.
 By (x+y+z)23(xy+yz+zx) we get (a2b2+b2c2+c2a2)23a2b2c2(a2+b2+c2)\begin{array}{l} \text { By }(x+y+z)^{2} \geqslant 3(x y+y z+z x) \text { we get } \\ \quad\left(a^{2} b^{2}+b^{2} c^{2}+c^{2} a^{2}\right)^{2} \geqslant 3 a^{2} b^{2} c^{2}\left(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}\right) \end{array}

That is \square
a2b2+b2c2+c2a2abc3(a2+b2+c2)a^{2} b^{2}+b^{2} c^{2}+c^{2} a^{2} \geqslant a b c \sqrt{3\left(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}\right)}

Dividing both sides by 3abc3 a b c we get
13(abc+bca+cab)a2+b2+c23\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{a b}{c}+\frac{b c}{a}+\frac{c a}{b}\right) \geqslant \sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}}{3}}

In summary
13(a+b+c)a2+b2+c2313(abc+bca+cab)\frac{1}{3}(a+b+c) \leqslant \sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}}{3}} \leqslant \frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{a b}{c}+\frac{b c}{a}+\frac{c a}{b}\right)

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.