Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 6.5 National olympiad Find the answer

The integers from 11 through 99 inclusive, are placed in the squares of a 3×33 \times 3 grid. Each square contains a different integer. The product of the integers in the first and second rows are 6060 and 9696 respectively. Find the sum of the integers in the third row.

Proposed by bissue

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

1. We are given a 3×33 \times 3 grid with integers from 1 to 9, each appearing exactly once. The product of the integers in the first row is 60, and the product of the integers in the second row is 96. We need to find the sum of the integers in the third row.

2. First, calculate the product of all integers from 1 to 9:
9!=1×2×3×4×5×6×7×8×9=362880 9! = 1 \times 2 \times 3 \times 4 \times 5 \times 6 \times 7 \times 8 \times 9 = 362880

3. The product of the integers in the third row can be found by dividing the total product by the product of the integers in the first and second rows:
Product of third row=9!60×96 \text{Product of third row} = \frac{9!}{60 \times 96}

4. Calculate 60×9660 \times 96:
60×96=5760 60 \times 96 = 5760

5. Now, divide 362880362880 by 57605760:
3628805760=63 \frac{362880}{5760} = 63

6. Factorize 63 to find the integers in the third row:
63=32×7 63 = 3^2 \times 7

7. Since each integer in the grid is distinct and must be from 1 to 9, the factors 3, 3, and 7 must correspond to the integers 1, 7, and 9 (since 3 appears twice, it must be 1 and 9).

8. Therefore, the integers in the third row are 1, 7, and 9 in some order.

9. The sum of the integers in the third row is:
1+7+9=17 1 + 7 + 9 = 17

Conclusion:
17 \boxed{17}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.