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Algebra Difficulty 4.5 AIME Prove it

Given the parabola CC: y2=2px(0<p<1)y^{2}=2px(0 < p < 1) and a point P(m,1)P(m,1) on CC such that the distance from PP to its focus FF is 54\frac {5}{4}.

(Ⅰ) Find the equation of CC;
(Ⅱ) It is known that line ll does not pass through point PP and intersects CC at points AA and BB, and the product of the slopes of lines PAPA and PBPB is 11. Prove that: ll passes through a fixed point.

Solution

Solution:
(Ⅰ) From the given conditions, we have 2pm=12pm=1, which implies m=12pm= \frac {1}{2p}.
According to the definition of a parabola, we get PF=m(p2)=12p+p2|PF|=m-(- \frac {p}{2})= \frac {1}{2p}+ \frac {p}{2}.
Given that 12p+p2=54\frac {1}{2p}+ \frac {p}{2}= \frac {5}{4}, solving this equation yields p=12p= \frac {1}{2} or p=2p=2 (discard this solution).
Therefore, the equation of CC is y2=xy^{2}=x.

(Ⅱ) Proof 1: Assume the slope of line PAPA is kk (clearly k0k\neq 0), then the equation of line PAPA is y1=k(x1)y-1=k(x-1), thus y=kx+1ky=kx+1-k.
By solving {y=kx+1ky2=x\begin{cases} y=kx+1-k \\ y^{2}=x \end{cases} and eliminating yy, we get k2x2+[2k(1k)1]x+(1k)2=0k^{2}x^{2}+[2k(1-k)-1]x+(1-k)^{2}=0.
Let A(x1,y1)A(x_{1},y_{1}), by Vieta's formulas, we have 1×x1=(1k)2k21\times x_{1}= \frac {(1-k)^{2}}{k^{2}}, i.e., x1=(1k)2k2x_{1}= \frac {(1-k)^{2}}{k^{2}}. y1=kx1+1k=k(1k)2k2+1k=1+1ky_{1}=kx_{1}+1-k=k\cdot \frac {(1-k)^{2}}{k^{2}}+1-k=-1+ \frac {1}{k}. Thus, A((1k)2k2,1+1k)A( \frac {(1-k)^{2}}{k^{2}},-1+ \frac {1}{k}).
Given that the slope of line PBPB is 1k\frac {1}{k}.
Similarly, we get B((11k)2(1k)2,1+11k)B( \frac {(1- \frac {1}{k})^{2}}{( \frac {1}{k})^{2}},-1+ \frac {1}{ \frac {1}{k}}), i.e., B((k21)2,k1)B((k^{2}-1)^{2},k-1).
If the slope of line ll does not exist, then (1k)2k2=(k1)2\frac {(1-k)^{2}}{k^{2}}=(k-1)^{2}. Solving this yields k=1k=1 or k=1k=-1.
When k=1k=1, the slopes of lines PAPA and PBPB are both 11, points AA and BB coincide, which contradicts the given conditions;
When k=1k=-1, the slopes of lines PAPA and PBPB are both 1-1, points AA and BB coincide, which contradicts the given conditions.
Therefore, the slope of line ll must exist.
The equation of line ll is y(k1)=k(k1)2[x(k1)2]y-(k-1)= \frac {k}{(k-1)^{2}}[x-(k-1)^{2}], i.e., y=k(k1)2x1y= \frac {k}{(k-1)^{2}}x-1.
Thus, line ll passes through the fixed point (0,1)(0,-1).

Proof 2: From (1), we have P(1,1)P(1,1).
If the slope of ll does not exist, then ll is perpendicular to the xx-axis.
Let A(x1,y1)A(x_{1},y_{1}), then B(x1,y1)B(x_{1},-y_{1}), y12=x1y_{1}^{2}=x_{1}.
Then kPAkPB=y11x11y11x11=1y12(x11)2=1x1(x11)2=11x1k_{PA}k_{PB}= \frac {y_{1}-1}{x_{1}-1}\cdot \frac {-y_{1}-1}{x_{1}-1}= \frac {1-y_{1}^{2}}{(x_{1}-1)^{2}}= \frac {1-x_{1}}{(x_{1}-1)^{2}}= \frac {1}{1-x_{1}}.
(x110(x_{1}-1\neq 0, otherwise, x1=1x_{1}=1, then A(1,1)A(1,1), or B(1,1)B(1,1), line ll passes through point PP, which contradicts the given conditions)
Given that 11x1=1\frac {1}{1-x_{1}}=1, so x1=0x_{1}=0. At this point, points AA and BB coincide, which contradicts the given conditions.
Therefore, the slope of ll must exist.
Assume the slope of ll is kk (clearly k0k\neq 0), let ll: y=kx+ty=kx+t,
Since line ll does not pass through point P(1,1)P(1,1), we have k+t1k+t\neq 1.
By solving {y2=xy=kx+t\begin{cases} y^{2}=x \\ y=kx+t \end{cases} and eliminating yy, we get k2x2+(2kt1)x+t2=0k^{2}x^{2}+(2kt-1)x+t^{2}=0.
By the discriminant =14kt>0\triangle =1-4kt > 0, we get kt0kt 0.
Let A(x1,y1)A(x_{1},y_{1}), B(x2,y2)B(x_{2},y_{2}), then y1+y2=ny_{1}+y_{2}=n①, y1y2=ty_{1}y_{2}=-t②
Then kPAkPB=y11x11y21x21=y11y121y21y221=1y1y2+(y1+y2)+1k_{PA}k_{PB}= \frac {y_{1}-1}{x_{1}-1}\cdot \frac {y_{2}-1}{x_{2}-1}= \frac {y_{1}-1}{y_{1}^{2}-1}\cdot \frac {y_{2}-1}{y_{2}^{2}-1}= \frac {1}{y_{1}y_{2}+(y_{1}+y_{2})+1}.
Given that y1y2+(y1+y2)+1=1y_{1}y_{2}+(y_{1}+y_{2})+1=1, i.e., y1y2+(y1+y2)=0y_{1}y_{2}+(y_{1}+y_{2})=0③
Substituting ①② into ③ yields t+n=0-t+n=0, i.e., t=nt=n.
Therefore, ll: x=n(y+1)x=n(y+1). Clearly, ll passes through the fixed point (0,1)(0,-1).

Thus, for all proofs, the conclusion is that line ll passes through the fixed point (0,1)\boxed{(0,-1)}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.