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Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it

Example 6 As shown in Figure 6,A1B16, A_{1} B_{1} is the altitude of the acute A1A2A3\triangle A_{1} A_{2} A_{3}, A2B2,A3B3A_{2} B_{2}, A_{3} B_{3} intersect A1B1A_{1} B_{1} at PP. Prove that: A1B1B2=A1B1B3\angle A_{1} B_{1} B_{2}=\angle A_{1} B_{1} B_{3}.
(18th Putnam Mathematical Competition)

Solution

Prove: Connect B2B3B_{2} B_{3} intersecting A1B1A_{1} B_{1} at C1C_{1}, draw the perpendiculars B2B2,B3B3B_{2} B_{2}^{\prime}, B_{3} B_{3}^{\prime} to A2A3A_{2} A_{3}. Then
B2C1C1B3=μ3μ2=λ1/(λ3+λ1)λ1/(λ1+λ2) \begin{array}{l} \frac{B_{2} C_{1}}{C_{1} B_{3}}=\frac{\mu_{3}}{\mu_{2}} \\ =\frac{\lambda_{1} /\left(\lambda_{3}+\lambda_{1}\right)}{\lambda_{1} /\left(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2}\right)} \end{array}
(by (1)
=SB2A2A3/SA1A2A3SB3A2A3/SA1A2A3=SB2A2A3SB3A2A3=B2B2B3B3. Also B2C1C1B3=B2B1B1B3,B2B1B1B3=B2B2B3B3R1B2B2B1R1B3B3B1. \begin{array}{l} =\frac{S_{\triangle B_{2} A_{2} A_{3}} / S_{\triangle A_{1} A_{2} A_{3}}}{S_{\triangle B_{3} A_{2} A_{3}} / S_{\triangle A_{1} A_{2} A_{3}}}=\frac{S_{\triangle B_{2} A_{2} A_{3}}}{S_{\triangle B_{3} A_{2} A_{3}}} \\ =\frac{B_{2} B_{2}^{\prime}}{B_{3} B_{3}^{\prime}} . \\ \text { Also } \frac{B_{2} C_{1}}{C_{1} B_{3}}=\frac{B_{2}^{\prime} B_{1}}{B_{1} B_{3}^{\prime}}, \\ \therefore \frac{B_{2}^{\prime} B_{1}}{B_{1} B_{3}^{\prime}}=\frac{B_{2} B_{2}^{\prime}}{B_{3} B_{3}^{\prime}} \\ \Rightarrow R_{1} \triangle B_{2} B_{2}^{\prime} B_{1} \sim \mathrm{R}_{1} \triangle B_{3} B_{3}^{\prime} B_{1} . \end{array}

Therefore,
B2B1B2=B3B1B3. \angle B_{2} B_{1} B_{2}^{\prime}=\angle B_{3} B_{1} B_{3}^{\prime} .

Furthermore, A1B1B2=A1B1B3\angle A_{1} B_{1} B_{2}=\angle A_{1} B_{1} B_{3}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.