Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Find the answer

[ Correct tetrahedron ] [ Properties of sections ]

Find the area of the section made through the height and one of the edges of a regular tetrahedron, if the edge of the tetrahedron is aa.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Let ABCDABCD be a regular tetrahedron with edge aa, and MM be the center of the face ABCABC. Since DMDM is the height of the tetrahedron, triangle AMDAMD is a right triangle. By the Pythagorean theorem, we find that

DM=AD2AM2=a2(a33)2=a113=a23 DM = \sqrt{AD^2 - AM^2} = \sqrt{a^2 - \left(\frac{a \sqrt{3}}{3}\right)^2} = a \sqrt{1 - \frac{1}{3}} = a \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}

The plane passing through the edge ADAD and the height DMDM intersects the edge BCBC at its midpoint LL. The desired section is the triangle ADLADL with height DMDM and base ALAL. Since DM=a23DM = a \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}} and AL=a32AL = \frac{a \sqrt{3}}{2}, we have

SADL=12ALDM=12a32a23=a224 S_{\triangle ADL} = \frac{1}{2} AL \cdot DM = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{a \sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot a \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}} = \frac{a^2 \sqrt{2}}{4}

## Answer

a224\frac{a^2 \sqrt{2}}{4}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.