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Geometry Difficulty 7.5 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

UNK Given a cyclic quadrilateral ABCDABCD, let the diagonals ACAC and BDBD meet at EE and the lines ADAD and BCBC meet at FF. The midpoints of ABAB and CDCD are GG and HH, respectively. Show that EFEF is tangent at EE to the circle through the points EE, GG, and HH.

Solution

It suffices to show that HEF=HGE\angle H E F=\angle H G E (see Figure 1), since in circle EGHE G H the angle over the chord EHE H at GG equals the angle between the tangent at EE and EHE H. First, BAD=180DCB=FCD\angle B A D=180^{\circ}-\angle D C B=\angle F C D. Since triangles FABF A B and FCDF C D have also a common interior angle at FF, they are similar. ! Figure 1 Denote by T\mathcal{T} the transformation consisting of a reflection at the bisector of DFC\angle D F C followed by a dilation with center FF and factor of FAFC\frac{F A}{F C}. Then T\mathcal{T} maps FF to F,CF, C to A,DA, D to BB, and HH to GG. To see this, note that FCAFDB\triangle F C A \sim \triangle F D B, so FAFC=FBFD\frac{F A}{F C}=\frac{F B}{F D}. Moreover, as ADB=ACB\angle A D B=\angle A C B, the image of the line DED E under T\mathcal{T} is parallel to ACA C (and passes through BB) and similarly the image of CEC E is parallel to DBD B and passes through AA. Hence EE is mapped to the point XX which is the fourth vertex of the parallelogram BEAXB E A X. Thus, in particular HEF=FXG\angle H E F=\angle F X G. As GG is the midpoint of the diagonal ABA B of the parallelogram BEAXB E A X, it is also the midpoint of EXE X. In particular, E,G,XE, G, X are collinear, and EX=2EGE X=2 \cdot E G. Denote by YY the fourth vertex of the parallelogram DECYD E C Y. By an analogous reasoning as before, it follows that T\mathcal{T} maps YY to EE, thus E,H,YE, H, Y are collinear with EY=2EHE Y=2 \cdot E H. Therefore, by the intercept theorem, HGXYH G \| X Y. From the construction of T\mathcal{T} it is clear that the lines FXF X and FEF E are symmetric with respect to the bisector of DFC\angle D F C, as are FYF Y and FEF E. Thus, F,X,YF, X, Y are collinear, which together with HGXYH G \| X Y implies FXE=HGE\angle F X E=\angle H G E. This completes the proof.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.