Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.4 National olympiad Find the answer

If A=20\angle A = 20^\circ and AFG=AGF\angle AFG = \angle AGF, then B+D=\angle B + \angle D =

Figure (Asymptote source)
pair A,B,C,D,EE,F,G;
A = (0,0);
B = (9,4);
C = (21,0);
D = (13,-12);
EE = (4,-16);
F = (13/2,-6);
G = (8,0);

draw(A--C--EE--B--D--cycle);

label("$A$",A,W);
label("$B$",B,N);
label("$C$",C,E);
label("$D$",D,SE);
label("$E$",EE,SW);
label("$F$",F,WSW);
label("$G$",G,NW);

Pick one

Solution

1. Given that A=20\angle A = 20^\circ and AFG=AGF\angle AFG = \angle AGF, we need to find the sum of B\angle B and D\angle D.

2. Since AFG=AGF\angle AFG = \angle AGF, let AFG=AGF=x\angle AFG = \angle AGF = x.

3. In AFG\triangle AFG, the sum of the angles is 180180^\circ. Therefore, we have:
A+AFG+AGF=180 \angle A + \angle AFG + \angle AGF = 180^\circ
Substituting the given values:
20+x+x=180 20^\circ + x + x = 180^\circ
Simplifying, we get:
20+2x=180 20^\circ + 2x = 180^\circ
Solving for xx:
2x=160    x=80 2x = 160^\circ \implies x = 80^\circ

4. Now, we know that AFG=80\angle AFG = 80^\circ and AGF=80\angle AGF = 80^\circ.

5. Next, consider BDF\triangle BDF. We need to find BFD\angle BFD. Since AFG=AGF=80\angle AFG = \angle AGF = 80^\circ, the remaining angle FAG\angle FAG in AFG\triangle AFG is:
FAG=180AFGAGF=1808080=20 \angle FAG = 180^\circ - \angle AFG - \angle AGF = 180^\circ - 80^\circ - 80^\circ = 20^\circ

6. In BDF\triangle BDF, the sum of the angles is 180180^\circ. We know that:
BFD+B+D=180 \angle BFD + \angle B + \angle D = 180^\circ

7. Since BFD\angle BFD is the exterior angle for AFG\triangle AFG, it is equal to the sum of the remote interior angles:
BFD=AFG+AGF=80+80=160 \angle BFD = \angle AFG + \angle AGF = 80^\circ + 80^\circ = 160^\circ

8. Therefore, in BDF\triangle BDF:
B+D=180BFD=180160=20 \angle B + \angle D = 180^\circ - \angle BFD = 180^\circ - 160^\circ = 20^\circ

9. However, this contradicts the earlier steps. Let's re-evaluate the problem. The correct approach is to consider the sum of the angles around point F. Since AFG=AGF=80\angle AFG = \angle AGF = 80^\circ, the remaining angle BFD\angle BFD should be:
BFD=180AFG=18080=100 \angle BFD = 180^\circ - \angle AFG = 180^\circ - 80^\circ = 100^\circ

10. Therefore, the correct sum of B\angle B and D\angle D is:
B+D=180BFD=180100=80 \angle B + \angle D = 180^\circ - \angle BFD = 180^\circ - 100^\circ = 80^\circ

Conclusion:
80 \boxed{80^\circ}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.