Let be distinct positive integers such that such that the LCM (least common multiple) of any two of them is . Show that
Solution
1. Restate the problem in a general form:
Let be distinct positive integers such that and the least common multiple (LCM) of any two of them is . We need to show that .
2. Initial observation:
Note that if for any , then , which contradicts the given condition. Therefore, no can be a divisor of another .
3. **Consider sequences of the form :**
We consider sequences , where contains all positive integers less than of the form with being an odd number and a non-negative integer. These sequences cover all integers from to .
4. **Distribution of in sequences:**
There are exactly such sequences. If there exist distinct and in the same sequence, one must divide the other, which is a contradiction. Hence, each sequence contains exactly one .
5. **Odd numbers greater than or equal to :**
The sequences where is an odd number have only one element each. Therefore, the set contains all odd numbers greater than or equal to .
6. **Contradiction if :**
Suppose . We consider two cases:
**Case 1: is odd**
- Consider the sequence . The difference between any two terms is , so any consecutive odd numbers contain one of .
- If , there are at least odd numbers from to . Thus, there exists some such that is an odd multiple of , which is a contradiction.
- If , then , which lies between and , leading to another contradiction.
**Case 2: is even**
- Let where is an odd integer. Note that .
- Consider the element in the sequence , and let .
- If , then . If , then . Both cases yield a contradiction.
7. Conclusion:
Hence, .
The final answer is .