Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it

3. (Turkey)
In ABC\triangle A B C, the incircle touches the sides
BC,CA,ABB C, C A, A B at
points D,E,FD, E, F, respectively. Point XX
is a point on ABC\triangle A B C, and the incircle of XBC\triangle X B C
touches the side BCB C and is tangent to CX,XBC X, X B at points Y,ZY, Z, respectively.
Prove: EFZYE F Z Y is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Solution

Prove that if EFE F is parallel to BCB C, then AB=AC,ADA B=A C, A D is the axis of symmetry of EFZYE F Z Y, and thus the quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral.

If EFE F is not parallel to BCB C, assume that the extension of BCB C intersects the extension of EFE F at PP. By Menelaus' theorem, we have
AFFBBPPCCEEA=1 \frac{\overrightarrow{A F}}{\overrightarrow{F B}} \cdot \frac{\overrightarrow{B P}}{\overrightarrow{P C}} \cdot \frac{\overrightarrow{C E}}{\overline{E A}}=-1 \text {. }

Given BZ=BD=BF,CY=CD=CEB Z=B D=B F, C Y=C D=C E,
and AFEA=1=XZYX\frac{A F}{E A}=1=\frac{X Z}{Y X}, we have
XZZBBPPCCYYX=1 \frac{\overline{X Z}}{\overline{Z B}} \cdot \frac{\overrightarrow{B P}}{\overrightarrow{P C}} \cdot \frac{\overrightarrow{C Y}}{\overline{Y X}}=-1 \text {. }

By the converse of Menelaus' theorem, we know that Z,Y,PZ, Y, P are collinear, thus,
PEPF=PD2=PYPZ. P E \cdot P F=P D^{2}=P Y \cdot P Z .

Therefore, EFZYE F Z Y is a cyclic quadrilateral.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.