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Algebra Difficulty 3.8 AMC 10/12 Find the answer

Given the function f(x)=x+ax+bf(x)=x+ \frac {a}{x}+b, where aa and bb are constants and a>0a > 0.
(1) Prove that f(x)f(x) is a monotonically decreasing function in the interval (0,a](0, \sqrt {a}] using the definition of monotonicity;
(2) Given that the function f(x)f(x) is monotonically increasing in the interval [a,+)[\sqrt {a},+\infty), and the maximum value of f(x)f(x) in the interval [1,2][1,2] is 55, while the minimum value is 33, find the value of aa.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

(1) Proof 1: Given the function f(x)=x+ax+bf(x)=x+ \frac {a}{x}+b, where aa and bb are constants and a>0a > 0,
let's assume 000 0,
thus f(x1)>f(x2)f(x_{1}) > f(x_{2}),
therefore f(x)f(x) is a monotonically decreasing function in the interval (0,a](0, \sqrt {a}].

Proof 2: Given the function f(x)=x+ax+bf(x)=x+ \frac {a}{x}+b, where aa and bb are constants and a>0a > 0,
then f(x)=1ax2=x2ax2f′(x)=1- \frac {a}{x^{2}}= \frac {x^{2}-a}{x^{2}},
when x(0,a]x\in(0, \sqrt {a}], f(x)0f′(x)\leqslant 0 always holds,
thus f(x)f(x) is a monotonically decreasing function in the interval (0,a](0, \sqrt {a}].

(2) Given that the function f(x)f(x) is monotonically increasing in the interval [a,+)[\sqrt {a},+\infty), and the maximum value of f(x)f(x) in the interval [1,2][1,2] is 55, while the minimum value is 33,
when a1a\leqslant 1, i.e., \begin{cases} 1+a+b=3 \\\\ 2+ \frac {1}{2}a+b=5\\end{cases}, solve for aa: a=2a=-2 (rejected);
when 1<a2.251 < a\leqslant 2.25, i.e., \begin{cases} 2 \sqrt {a}+b=3 \\\\ 2+ \frac {1}{2}a+b=5\\end{cases}, solve for aa: a=0a=0 (rejected), or a=16a=16 (rejected);
when 2.25<a<42.25 < a < 4, \begin{cases} 2 \sqrt {a}+b=3 \\\\ 1+a+b=5\\end{cases}, solve for aa: a=3+22a=3+2 \sqrt {2} (rejected),
when a4a\geqslant 4, i.e., \begin{cases} 2+ \frac {1}{2}a+b=3 \\\\ 1+a+b=5\\end{cases}, solve for aa: a=6a=6;
therefore, a=6\boxed{a=6}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.