AlgebraDifficulty 7.3National olympiad, round 2Prove it
Example 2 Let xi>0,xiyi−zi2>0(i=1,2,⋯,n), then ∑i=1nxi∑i=1nyi−(∑i=1nzi)2n3⩽i=1∑nxiyi−zi21
holds. Equality occurs if and only if x1=x2=⋯=xn;y1=y2=⋯=yn;z1=z2=⋯=zn. (This is a generalization of a problem from the 11th IMO (n=2))
Solution
Let Ai=xiyi+zi,Bi=xiyi−zi(i=1,2,⋯,n). Using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and its generalization, we have: ⩾==⩾i=1∑nxi⋅i=1∑nyi−(i=1∑nzi)2⋅i=1∑nxiyi−zi21(i=1∑nxiyi)2−(i=1∑nzi)2⋅i=1∑n(xiyi)2−zi21i=1∑n(xiyi+zi)⋅i=1∑n(xiyi−zi)⋅i=1∑n(xiyi+zi)(xiyi−zi)1i=1∑nAi⋅i=1∑nBi⋅i=1∑nAiBi1(i=1∑n3Ai⋅3Bi⋅3AiBi1)3=(i=1∑n1)3=n3 Thus, the original inequality holds.
According to the proof of the generalized Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, the condition for the original inequality to hold is A1=A2=⋯=An; B1=B2=⋯=Bn; x1=x2=⋯=xn; y1=y2=⋯=yn, i.e., when x1=x2=⋯=xn; y1=y2=⋯=yn and z1=z2=⋯=zn.
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