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Algebra Difficulty 7.3 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Example 5.7 (1996 Iran Mathematical Olympiad) For all x,y,z0x, y, z \geqslant 0, with at most one of them being 0, prove that
1(x+y)2+1(y+z)2+1(z+x)294(xy+yz+zx)\frac{1}{(x+y)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(y+z)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(z+x)^{2}} \geqslant \frac{9}{4(x y+y z+z x)}

Solution

Prove that
(xy+yz+zx)(1(x+y)2+1(y+z)2+1(z+x)2)=(xy+yz+xz)(x+y)2(y+z)2+(y+z)2(z+x)2+(z+x)2(x+y)2(x+y)2(y+z)2(z+x)2\begin{array}{l} (x y+y z+z x)\left(\frac{1}{(x+y)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(y+z)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(z+x)^{2}}\right)= \\ (x y+y z+x z) \frac{(x+y)^{2}(y+z)^{2}+(y+z)^{2}(z+x)^{2}+(z+x)^{2}(x+y)^{2}}{(x+y)^{2}(y+z)^{2}(z+x)^{2}} \end{array}

But we have
(xy+yz+zx)((x+y)2(y+z)2+(y+z)2(z+x)2+(z+x)2(x+y)2)=(x5y+2x4y2+52x4yz+13x3y2z+4x2y2z2)(x+y)2(y+z)2(z+x)2=ym(x4y2+x4yz+x3y3+6x3y2z+53x2y2z2)\begin{array}{l} (x y+y z+z x)\left((x+y)^{2}(y+z)^{2}+(y+z)^{2}(z+x)^{2}+(z+x)^{2}(x+y)^{2}\right)= \\ \sum\left(x^{5} y+2 x^{4} y^{2}+\frac{5}{2} x^{4} y z+13 x^{3} y^{2} z+4 x^{2} y^{2} z^{2}\right) \\ (x+y)^{2}(y+z)^{2}(z+x)^{2}=\sum_{y m}\left(x^{4} y^{2}+x^{4} y z+x^{3} y^{3}+6 x^{3} y^{2} z+\frac{5}{3} x^{2} y^{2} z^{2}\right) \end{array}

Through some calculations, we have
sym(4x5yx4y23x3y3+x4yz2x3y2z+x2y2z2)0\sum_{s y m}\left(4 x^{5} y-x^{4} y^{2}-3 x^{3} y^{3}+x^{4} y z-2 x^{3} y^{2} z+x^{2} y^{2} z^{2}\right) \geqslant 0

By the 3rd degree Schur's inequality, we have
sym(x32x2y+xyz)0\sum_{s y m}\left(x^{3}-2 x^{2} y+x y z\right) \geqslant 0

Multiplying both sides by xyz x y z , we get
sym(x4yz2x3y2z+x2y2z2)0\sum_{s y m}\left(x^{4} y z-2 x^{3} y^{2} z+x^{2} y^{2} z^{2}\right) \geqslant 0

By the AM-GM inequality, we have
y>m((x5yx4y2)+3(x5yx3y3))0\sum_{y>m}\left(\left(x^{5} y-x^{4} y^{2}\right)+3\left(x^{5} y-x^{3} y^{3}\right)\right) \geqslant 0

Using (1) and (2), the proposition is proved.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.