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Algebra Difficulty 6.5 National olympiad Prove it

15 Let n(n2)n(n \geqslant 2) be a positive integer, prove that:
47<112+1314++12n112n<22\frac{4}{7}<1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2 n-1}-\frac{1}{2 n}<\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}

Solution

15. 112+1314++12n112n=1n+1+1n+2++12n1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2 n-1}-\frac{1}{2 n}=\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2 n}. By the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we have [(n+1)+(n+2)++(2n)](1n+1+1n+2++12n)>[(n+1)+(n+2)+\cdots+(2 n)]\left(\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2 n}\right)> n2n^{2}, so 1n+1+1n+2++12n>2n3n+147\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2 n}>\frac{2 n}{3 n+1} \geqslant \frac{4}{7}. Also, 1n+1+\frac{1}{n+1}+ 1n+2++12n<(12+12++12)12[1(n+1)2++1(2n)2]12<\frac{1}{n+2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2 n}<\left(1^{2}+1^{2}+\cdots+1^{2}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\left[\frac{1}{(n+1)^{2}}+\cdots+\frac{1}{(2 n)^{2}}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}}< n[1n(n+1)+1(n+1)(n+2)++1(2n1)2n]12=22\sqrt{n}\left[\frac{1}{n(n+1)}+\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}+\cdots+\frac{1}{(2 n-1) \cdot 2 n}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.