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Algebra Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it

Theorem 2 For aij>0(i=1,2,,m,j=1a_{i j}>0(i=1,2, \cdots, m, j=1, 2,,n)2, \cdots, n), we have
(i=1mj=1naij)nj=1ni=1maijn.\left(\sum_{i=1}^{m} \prod_{j=1}^{n} a_{i j}\right)^{n} \leqslant \prod_{j=1}^{n} \sum_{i=1}^{m} a_{i j}^{n} .

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Prove: Let i=1maijn=Ajn\sum_{i=1}^{m} a_{i j}^{n}=A_{j}^{n}.
By the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality, we have
i=1mj=1naijAji=1m(1nj=1naijnAjn)=1nj=1ni=1majnAjn=1nj=1n1=1, \begin{array}{l} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \prod_{j=1}^{n} \frac{a_{i j}}{A_{j}} \leqslant \sum_{i=1}^{m}\left(\frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^{n} \frac{a_{i j}^{n}}{A_{j}^{n}}\right) \\ =\frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^{n} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \frac{a_{j}^{n}}{A_{j}^{n}}=\frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^{n} 1=1, \end{array}

Thus, (i=1mj=1naij)nA1nA2nAnn=j=1ni=1maijn\left(\sum_{i=1}^{m} \prod_{j=1}^{n} a_{i j}\right)^{n} \leqslant A_{1}^{n} A_{2}^{n} \cdots A_{n}^{n}=\prod_{j=1}^{n} \sum_{i=1}^{m} a_{i j}^{n}.
Note: Taking n=2n=2 yields the Cauchy inequality, and taking m=2m=2 yields
(i=12j=1naij)nj=1ni=12aijn, \left(\sum_{i=1}^{2} \prod_{j=1}^{n} a_{i j}\right)^{n} \leqslant \prod_{j=1}^{n} \sum_{i=1}^{2} a_{i j}^{n},

which is a transformation of a problem from the 64th Putnam Mathematical Competition.

Corollary: Let a1,a2,,ana_{1}, a_{2}, \cdots, a_{n} and b1,b2,,bnb_{1}, b_{2}, \cdots, b_{n} be non-negative real number sequences. Then
[(a1+b1)(a2+b2)(an+bn)]1n(a1a2an)1n+(b1b2bn)1n \begin{array}{l} {\left[\left(a_{1}+b_{1}\right)\left(a_{2}+b_{2}\right) \cdots\left(a_{n}+b_{n}\right)\right]^{\frac{1}{n}}} \\ \geqslant\left(a_{1} a_{2} \cdots a_{n}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}}+\left(b_{1} b_{2} \cdots b_{n}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}} \end{array}

Solution 2

Prove: Let i=1maijn=Ajn\sum_{i=1}^{m} a_{i j}^{n}=A_{j}^{n}.
By the Arithmetic-Geometric Mean Inequality, we have
i=1mj=1naijAji=1m(1nj=1naijnAjn)=1nj=1ni=1majjnAjn=1nj=1n1=1\begin{array}{l} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \prod_{j=1}^{n} \frac{a_{i j}}{A_{j}} \leqslant \sum_{i=1}^{m}\left(\frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^{n} \frac{a_{i j}^{n}}{A_{j}^{n}}\right) \\ =\frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^{n} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \frac{a_{j j}^{n}}{A_{j}^{n}}=\frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^{n} 1=1 \end{array}

Thus, (i=1mj=1naij)nA1nA2nAnn=j=1ni=1maijn\left(\sum_{i=1}^{m} \prod_{j=1}^{n} a_{i j}\right)^{n} \leqslant A_{1}^{n} A_{2}^{n} \cdots A_{n}^{n}=\prod_{j=1}^{n} \sum_{i=1}^{m} a_{i j}^{n}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.