Suppose that numbers, each equal to or , are written around a circle. For every two adjacent numbers, their product is taken; it turns out that the sum of all such products is negative. Prove that the sum of the original numbers has absolute value less than or equal to . (The absolute value of is usually denoted by . It is equal to if , and to if . For example, , and .)
Solution
1. Let be the number of 's and be the number of 's among the 2002 numbers. Therefore, we have:
2. Consider the product of every two adjacent numbers. If two adjacent numbers are the same (both or both ), their product is . If they are different (one and one ), their product is .
3. Let be the sum of the products of all adjacent pairs. We are given that is negative:
4. To find , note that there are pairs of adjacent 's, pairs of adjacent 's, and pairs of adjacent and . Therefore:
Simplifying, we get:
5. Since , we substitute:
This contradicts the given condition that . Therefore, our assumption must be incorrect.
6. Reconsider the problem. The correct approach is to count the number of and pairs. Let be the number of pairs and be the number of pairs . Then:
Simplifying, we get:
7. Given , we have:
8. Since is the number of pairs of the same sign, the number of pairs of different signs is . Therefore, the number of 's and 's must be balanced such that:
9. Let be the sum of the original numbers:
Since and , we have:
The final answer is